This book provides a compilation of important optical techniques applied to experiments in heat and mass transfer, multiphase flow and combustion. The emphasis of this book is on the application of these techniques to various engineering problems. The contributions are aiming to provide practicing engineers, both in industry and research, with the recent state-of-science in the application of advanced optical measurements. The book is written by selected specialists representing leading experts in this field who present new information for the possibilities of these techniques and give stimulation of new ideas for their application.

Geschrieben von Spezialisten aus Industrie und Wissenschaft, ermöglicht das Standardwerk die Auslegung technischer Apparate und Anlagen, z. B. in der Verfahrens- und der Energietechnik. Dafür werden Daten bereitgestellt, Berechnungsmethoden eingehend erläutert und Konstruktionen vorgestellt. Die 11. deutsche Auflage enthält zahlreiche neue Beiträge, die Kapitel wurden komplett überarbeitet und dem Stand der Technik angepasst. Seit über 50 Jahren ein unentbehrliches Arbeitsmittel für Ingenieure, die sich mit Fragen der Wärmeübertragung beschäftigen.

The homogenization of single phase gases or liquids with chemical reactive components by mixing belongs to one of the oldest basic operations applied in chemical engineering. The design of equipment for mixing processes is still derived from measurements of the mixing time which is related to the applied methods of measurement and the special design of the test equipment itself.

This book was stimulated by improved modern methods for experimental research and visualization, for simulations and numerical calculations of mixing and chemical reactions in micro and macro scale of time and local coordinates. It is aimed to improve the prediction of efficiencies and selectivities of chemical reactions in macroscopic scale. The results should give an understanding of the influence of the construction of different mixing equipment on to the momentum, heat and mass transfer as well as reaction processes running on microscopic scales of time and local coordinates.

Newly developed methods of measurement are adjusted to the scales of the selected special transport and conversion processes. They allow a more detailed modeling of the mixing processes by the formulation of an appropriate set of momentum-, heat- and mass balance equations as well as boundary conditions in time and local coordinates together with constitutive equations and reaction kinetics equations as closure laws for numerical and analytical calculations. The latter were empirically derived in the past and therefore of limited reliability only.

The improved and more detailed modeling leads to a major progress in predicting mixing processes on the different scales adjusted to transport and reaction processes in molecular, micro- and macro dimensions.

As a consequence improved numerical calculations are performed on the basis of newly derived experimental, measurement and modeling methods which are the basis for the prediction of mixing time as well as conversion rates and selectivities of chemical reactions during the mixing process. The research efforts are focused onto the design of the technical equipment for flow mixing processes. Mixing is performed inside velocity fields leading to deformation gradients from free or wall induced boundary layers. The different kinds of process equipment are jet mixer, static mixer and mixing vessels equipped with rotating stirrers. Especially in micro mixing newly developed constructions are investigated permitting the scale up from laboratory to technical dimensions.

This book provides a compilation of important optical techniques applied to experiments in heat and mass transfer, multiphase flow and combustion. The emphasis of this book is on the application of these techniques to various engineering problems. The contributions are aiming to provide practicing engineers, both in industry and research, with the recent state of science in the application of advanced optical measurements. The book is written by selected specialists representing leading experts in this field who present new information for the possibilities of these techniques and give stimulation of new ideas for their application.

The homogenization of single phase gases or liquids with chemical reactive components by mixing belongs to one of the oldest basic operations applied in chemical engineering. The design of equipment for mixing processes is still derived from measurements of the mixing time which is related to the applied methods of measurement and the special design of the test equipment itself.

This book was stimulated by improved modern methods for experimental research and visualization, for simulations and numerical calculations of mixing and chemical reactions in micro and macro scale of time and local coordinates. It is aimed to improve the prediction of efficiencies and selectivities of chemical reactions in macroscopic scale. The results should give an understanding of the influence of the construction of different mixing equipment on to the momentum, heat and mass transfer as well as reaction processes running on microscopic scales of time and local coordinates.

Newly developed methods of measurement are adjusted to the scales of the selected special transport and conversion processes. They allow a more detailed modeling of the mixing processes by the formulation of an appropriate set of momentum-, heat- and mass balance equations as well as boundary conditions in time and local coordinates together with constitutive equations and reaction kinetics equations as closure laws for numerical and analytical calculations. The latter were empirically derived in the past and therefore of limited reliability only.

The improved and more detailed modeling leads to a major progress in predicting mixing processes on the different scales adjusted to transport and reaction processes in molecular, micro- and macro dimensions.

As a consequence improved numerical calculations are performed on the basis of newly derived experimental, measurement and modeling methods which are the basis for the prediction of mixing time as well as conversion rates and selectivities of chemical reactions during the mixing process. The research efforts are focused onto the design of the technical equipment for flow mixing processes. Mixing is performed inside velocity fields leading to deformation gradients from free or wall induced boundary layers. The different kinds of process equipment are jet mixer, static mixer and mixing vessels equipped with rotating stirrers. Especially in micro mixing newly developed constructions are investigated permitting the scale up from laboratory to technical dimensions.

Dieses Buch ist aus einer langjahrigen Lehrerfahrung im betrieblichen Rechnungswesen erwachsen. Nach einer einfuhrenden Darstellung von Zwecken und Grundbegriffen der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung sowie einer kurzen Erorterung kostentheoretischer Grundlagen werden die Betriebsabrechnung und die Kalkulation zunachst ausschliesslich als Istkostenrechnung auf Vollkostenbasis beschrieben. Die Erfahrung hat gezeigt, dass dieses Vorgehen zumindest fur den Anfanger didaktisch zweckmassig ist. Andere Kostenrechungssysteme werden - von einem Uberblick im ersten Kapitel einmal abgesehen - erst anschliessend vorgestellt. So wird beispielsweise erst am Schluss der Betriebsabrechnung zur Gemeinkostenverrechnung mit Normalzuschlagsatzen ubergegangen, und erst im Anschluss an die Vollkostenkalkulation werden die Verfahren der Teilkostenrechnung und ihre Aussagefahigkeit beschrieben. Dem letzten Kapitel bleibt dann das System der Plankostenrechnung vorbehalten, die sowohl auf Basis der vollen Kosten als auch auf Teilkostenbasis (Grenzplankostenrechnung) dargestellt wird. Jedes Hauptkapitel, in der Betriebsbuchhaltung sogar jedes Unterkapitel, schliesst mit einer Sammlung von Testfragen und Ubungsaufgaben ab, die dem Leser eine Uberprufung des angeeigneten Wissens ermoglichen. Bereits in siebenter Auflage erfolgreich."