Spine-related pain is the world's leading disabling condition, affecting every population and a frequent reason for seeking medical consultation and obtaining imaging studies. Numerous spinal phenotypes (observations/traits) and their respective measurements performed on various spine imaging have been shown to directly correlate and predict clinical outcomes. Atlas of Spinal Imaging: Phenotypes, Measurements and Classification Systems is a comprehensive visual resource that highlights various spinal phenotypes on imaging, describes their clinical and pathophysiological relevance, and discusses and illustrates their respective measurement techniques and classifications. Complies the knowledge and expertise of Dr. Dino Samartzis, the preeminent global authority on spinal phenotypes who has discovered and proposed new phenotypes and classification schemes; Dr. Howard S. An, a leading expert in patient management and at the forefront of 3D imaging of various spinal phenotypes; and Dr. Philip Louie, a young surgeon who is involved in one of the largest machine learning initiatives of spinal phenotyping. *Includes a Foreword by renowed spine surgeons Alexander Vaccaro and Max Aebi* Helps readers better understanding spinal phenotypes and their imaging, and how today's knowledge will facilitate new targeted drug discovery, novel diagnostics and biomarker discovery, and outcome predictions. Features step-by-step instructions on performing the radiographic measurements with examples of normal and pathologic images to demonstrate the various presentations. Presents clinical correlation of the phenotypes as well as the radiographic measurements with landmark references. Includes validated classification systems that complement the phenotypes and radiographic measurements. Complies the knowledge and expertise of Dr. Dino Samartzis, the preeminent global authority on spinal phenotypes who has discovered and proposed new phenotypes and classification schemes; Dr. Howard S. An, a leading expert in patient management and at the forefront of 3D imaging of various spinal phenotypes; and Dr. Philip Louie, a prolific surgeon who is involved in one of the largest machine learning initiatives of spinal phenotyping.

Authored by a multi-disciplinary team that includes orthopedists and neurosurgeons, Textbook of the Cervical Spine is a practical, clinically focused medical reference for treating patients with the full range of cervical spine disorders. From degenerative spine conditions and inflammation, to trauma and infections, it guides today's spine surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons and residents through state-of-the art surgical and fixation techniques, today's emerging technologies, and possible complications. "I assure you this textbook is beneficial for both specialists and residents." Foreword by: Shin-ichi Kikuchi President of Fukushima Medical University, Feb 2015 "Drs. Shen, Samartzis, and Fessler have produced an outstanding textbook that is relevant for cervical spine surgeons all over the world." Foreword by: K. Daniel Riew, Mildred B. Simon Distinguished Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Feb 2015 "This textbook is a valuable addition to spine literature, and I would definitely recommend it." Foreword by: Madjid Samii, Founder and President International Neuroscience Institute, Feb 2015 Accurately handle complex situations with image-guided techniques for the management of cervical spine pathology, as well as helpful information on patient management and surgical decision making. Stay up to date on hot topics with recent case studies that orient you toward important clinical information in the field. Quickly find the information you need with succinct chapters that focus on highlights, key points, tips, and tricks. Access the full text online at Expert Consult.

Epidemiology of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Structure and Biology of the Intervertebral Disc in Health and Disease, Nutrition of the Intervertebral Disc, The Endplate and Its Relevance with Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Genetic Risk Factors in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Biomechanics of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Diagnostic Tools and Imaging Methods in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, An Overview of the Management of Degenerative Disc Disease, Adjacent Level Disc Disease - Is it Really a Fusion Disease? Prosthetic Total Disc Replacement, Stem Cell Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc, Gene Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Tissue Engineering for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Emerging Technologies for Molecular Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Intervertebral Disc Transplantation