Switched capacitor circuits fall into the category of sampled data analog systems, which is in between the two main categories: analog and digital. They provide an efficient way to design MOS compatible analog circuits. Although filter design is the most common application of switched capacitor circuits, they are also used extensively in mixed analog-digital systems. Time multiplexing of switched capacitor circuits helps to reduce the number of circuit elements and hence make design both area and power efficient. In this book, systematic approach for time multiplexing of switched capacitor circuits is discussed. Various techniques used for time multiplexing of switched capacitors, operational amplifiers and a sub-network within a switched capacitor circuit are presented. Non-ideal effects affecting the performance of switched capacitor circuits are discussed along with compensation techniques used to minimize them. Practical implementation of various switched capacitor circuits is also exemplified.

Digital Watermarking is the process of inserting a digital signal of a defined pattern into digital data. This is used to identify the owner of the work, to authenticated the content, to trace illegal copies of the work and other similar purposes. While the technology for information transmission has changed much with the advent of the digital age, the concerns related to protection and enforcement in intellectual property rights of the digital contents involved in the transaction has been raised. This has made digital watermarking one of the hottest research topics in recent times. In this book, we provides a comparative study of different digital watermarking techniques in spatial and transform domain. Number of watermarking techniques in each domain has been verified and are compared based on their performance against different noise factors and block size. The implementation of techniques has been demonstrated using an interactive graphical user interface (GUI).