'Based on research among thousands of unpublished documents concealed in the Communist Party archives until the fall of the regime, Lenin: Life and Legacy is a crushing indictment of the regime's founder...' Sally Laird, Observer In the first fully documented life of one of the greatest revolutionaries in history, Dmitri Volkogonov is free for the first time to assess Lenin's life and legacy, unconstrained by demands of political orthodoxy. In addition to showing conclusively that the violence and coercion that characterised the Soviet system derived entirely from Lenin, the author also describes in detail the personal life of Lenin: his family antecedents, his private finances, the early funding of the Bolshevik Party, his relationship with his mistress Inessa Armand, and the debilitating illness that crippled the final months of his life

'Absorbing... I now place Volkogonov's great biographical triptych [Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky] at the top of my reading list on the Russian revolution.' Niall Ferguson, Sunday Times Following Stalin (1991) and Lenin (1994), Dmitri Vokogonov completes his grand trilogy of biographies of the giants who dominated the history of the Soviet Union. A dynamic and inspiring public speaker, military hero of the Russian civil war, and a brilliant organiser and theorist, Trotsky also played a large part in advocating the system of state terror which was ultimately to lead to the nightmare of Stalinism. Widely regarded as Lenin's likely successor, he was outmanoeuvred by his implacable enemy, Stalin, expelled from the Communist Party, exiled, and finally murdered in Mexico in 1940 by Stalin's agents.

Following his great trilog of biographies of the giants who dominated the history of the Soviet Union – 'Stalin, Lenin' and 'Trosky' – Russian historian Dmitri Volkogonov delves deeper into the Soviet archives to reveal the truth behind the activities of the world’s most secretive political leaders.

In vivid, devastating and sometimes surreal detail, he has produced a clear-eyed assessment and political evaluation of the seven leaders who ruled the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991. He throws new light on Lenin’s paranoia about foreigners in Russia and his creation of a privileged system for top Party members; Stalin’s repression of the nationalities and his singular conduct of foreign policy; the origins and conduct of the Korean War; Khrushchev’s relationship with the odious secret service chief Beria and his handling of the Cuban missile crisis; Brezhnev’s vanity and stupidity; the Afghan War; Poland and Solidarity; Gorbachev’s Leninism and his role in history. With his final work, Volkogonov has once again provided an invaluable service to twentieth-century history.

“These seven political portraits singly or together make for compelling reading in their own right … This is a powerful work, its value substantially enhanced by the quality and quantity of evidence garnered from numerous archives. And for smooth rendition into English, the reader has genuine cause for gratitude to Harold Shukman, translator and editor.”
JOHN ERICKSON, 'Times Higher Education Supplement'

“Finely translated and edited by Harold Shukman … Volkogonov, in his last book, has delivered as balanced, sane and brave a judgement as a Russian historian of his generation and calling could possibly do.”
JOHN LLOYD, 'New Statesman'

At last, based on full access to Soviet and Western archives, as well as interviews with surviving members of the Trotsky family and others, Dmitri Volkogonov offers a breakthrough reinterpretation. No source is ignored: Volkogonov even interviewed a member of Stalin's NKVD hit squad that assassinated Trotsky. Through his access to internal memos sent between Trotsky, Lenin, and Stalin, we learn of the blistering intensity of the animus between Stalin and Trotsky that began under Lenin with petty disputes over military strategy, continued under Stalin with a series of public trials of so-called Trotskyites, and culminated in the extensive planning for and eventual assassination of Trotsky. The result is a stunning work, one that compares the flesh-and-blood Trotsky with the Orator-in-Chief of revolutionary ideology, and discovers contradictions both profound and deadly. Volkogonov unsparingly illustrates Trotsky's rigidity and ruthlessness, and he takes issue with Trotsky's military leadership. He shows us that Trotsky's unwavering, monomaniacal commitment to world communist revolution made him, at times, both corrupt and foolishly myopic. We learn that Trotsky was both the man who gave away his own gold watch to a brave Red Army soldier and the man who advocated the use of blocking units, in which a rear line of soldiers were ordered to shoot their frontline comrades if they failed to charge. Ultimately, as Volkogonov shows, the tragedy of Trotsky is that his internal inconsistencies were a natural part of the entire revolutionary movement, for "Trotsky had declared intellectual war on virtually everyone". Volkogonov's account of the "eternal revolutionary" will stand as definitive formany years to come.