Focusing on the international dimension of macroeconomic policy, this handbook covers the main areas of modern macroeconomic policy in open economies. The emphasis is on policy applications rather than the development of economic theory. There are three basic goals: (1) an understanding of how economic theories affect actual policy making, (2) a description of the institutional and conceptual development of the international economy, and (3) an explanation of the way policy-making institutions deal with the so-called international economy. The handbook consists of an introductory chapter and four parts. The first treats macroeconomic policy-making from the home country versus the rest of the world perspective. The second part stresses policies among interacting and reacting countries. The third part considers the development of world capital markets and the international monetary system as important parts of the policy environment. The final part details macroeconomic policies in the G7 and Latin American countries.

In recent years, the potential role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in fostering socio-economic development has received increasing attention in the international economic community. However, no previous works have dealt with the technological capabilities of these enterprises. Here, A. S. Bhalla and a distinguished group of contributors fill this gap by presenting a sustained analysis of the technology issues and options facing small and medium enterprises in both urban and rural settings. The work is organized around three major issues: the policies and programs that affect small and medium enterprises; the innovation potential of these businesses; and the institutions and infrastructure most conducive to their success in developing and advanced economies.

Following Bhalla's introduction, Part One looks at the macro- and microeconomic policy environment necessary to stimulate the innovative capacity and potential of SMEs. The contributors show that existing policy measures are invariably geared toward large enterprises and discuss whether removal of these policy biases is enough to promote SME growth or whether more interventionist approaches are needed. Part Two focuses on the capacity of SMEs to design and manufacture equipment or products--adapting technology to suit their particular requirements. The contributors challenge the accepted views in this area, demonstrating that even microenterprises have the capacity for product and process innovations. In Part Three, the contributors examine the success of the business incubation process in fostering technological innovation, the traditional forms of support offered to SMEs in developing economies, and the linkages between SMEs and research institutions. In each section, individual chapters examine the operation of SMEs in a variety of settings in both advanced and developing countries. Must reading for policymakers and students of international economics, "Small and Medium Enterprises" is a catalyst for informed action in this vital segment of economic activity.

With increased economic competition among industrial countries, the need for rapid economic development in less developed countries, and the collapse of centrally planned regimes in Eastern Europe, concern for economic policies has moved to the forefront of most nations' agendas. This reference handbook offers and overview of economic policies in the world's most important countries and regions, examining the different mix of methods and tools these governments use to achieve their economic goals. The aim of the volume is to identify and compare the various policies and instruments used by the different countries, as well as the results that have been obtained. The work begins with a brief introduction to national economic policies, written by editor Dominick Salvatore. Separate chapters then focus on each of the major countries--the United States, Japan, India, the Soviet Union, and China--and on several homogeneous groupings of countries, such as the European Economic Community, Latin America, Africa, and Eastern Europe. Economic policies of the past decade and the important changes that have taken place in that period are explained--as well as prospects for the future. Among the major issues discussed are fiscal policies, monetary policies, industrial policies, trade and exchange rate policies, and environmental policies. By considering these various approaches from country to country and by examining the instruments utilized and the outcomes adopted, the book presents a unique comparative study of economic systems. This work will be especially useful to professional economists and policy makers, as well as to students in international economics.

International trade is now almost universally regarded as an important stimulus to growth and economic development, but while many aspects of international trade are regulated by international agreement, most nations retain some important specific trade policies for manufactured goods. In this work, the second volume of Greenwood's Handbook of Comparative Economic Policies, Dominick Salvatore presents an overview of national trade policies in the world's most important countries. As the only detailed comparative study of international trade policies, this volume will be an increasingly useful reference tool as international trade becomes more and more important in the years to come. The work brings together contributions on twenty-two different countries plus four chapters on overall trade policies and helps to shed light not only on each nation's specific trade policies but also on the effect of various policies on the growth of developed countries, the rate of economic development, and the progress of restructuring in the former centrally planned economies. The book is divided into six basic sections: the first provides an introduction to international trade policies and tariff and trade agreements, while the remaining five sections detail leading industrial countries, other industrial countries, Latin American nations, the countries of Asia and Africa, and the USSR, Poland, and China. Each chapter within these sections offers an easily accessible overview of trade policies as well as a list of references that identify the most important sources of additional information. This handbook will be an effective resource and reference tool for students of comparative economics and for economists and international policymakers.

This volume examines one of the major systemic changes in world economic history: the economic transformation in the Central European nations and the former Soviet states. Part I considers the dramatic adjustments in commodity structure and the geographic distribution of trade in these countries, while Part II surveys the sweeping transition of the Central and Eastern European countries' payments systems and the evolution of financial markets, exchange rates, and banking systems. Forms of integration with the global economy and proposed requirements for accession to the European Union are considered in Part III, and Part IV presents a model evaluating the record of structural adjustments in these transforming economies. The economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe has been one of the major systemic changes in world economic history. This volume examines the dramatic changes in trade and payment systems in Central European nations and the former Soviet states during the first half of the 1990s. Part I considers the dramatic adjustments in commodity structure and the geographic distribution of trade in these countries, while Part II surveys the sweeping transition of the Central and Eastern European countries' payments systems and the evolution of financial markets, exchange rates, and banking systems. Forms of integration with the global economy and proposed requirements for accession to the European Union are considered in Part III, and Part IV presents a model evaluating the record of structural adjustments in these transforming economies. The main objective of this volume is to thoroughly cover the latest research advances in international trade and payments among these transforming economies. Written by noted authorities from prominent research centers, the chapters have a predominantly survey character and are supported by sound empirical evidence. Combining empirical research with policy evaluation and recommendations, this volume will serve as a resource for further studies on the economic transformation of the former Soviet bloc countries.

The third volume in Greenwood's Handbook of Comparative Economic Policies, this volume provides an overview and comparison of monetary policies in the United States and the world's leading industrial, or G-7, countries. Although monetary policy is one of the most powerful and frequently used means of combating inflation and unemployment and of promoting long-term economic growth, there are many unresolved questions pertaining to the theory and practice of monetary policy. Moreover, in a world becoming increasingly interdependent, monetary policies in each industrial country have significant repercussions in other countries. This handbook is the only in-depth, up-to-date book providing an exhaustive comparative overview of the theory and practice of monetary policy in developed economies. Following an introduction written by the editors, the volume is divided into three parts. Part I, encompassing 5 chapters, covers the major issues in the theory and practice of monetary policy, including monetary policy and the money supply process, monetary policy and economic activity, monetary policy and inflation, monetary policy and regulation, and monetary policy and bank regulation. Part II, comprised of two chapters, deals with monetary policy in the United States, and part III includes chapters examining monetary policy in each of the other G-7 countries. A final chapter discusses monetary policy coordination in the European Monetary System. The chapters are written by well-known experts in the field of monetary economics. Chapter references and a selected bibliography identify the most important sources of additional information. The work concludes with a selected bibliography and an index.

This volume brings together a group of renowned population specialists from the United Nations, the World Bank, the East-West Population Institute, and leading universities to explore the numerous interactions between levels of population growth and economic well-being in developing countries. The contributors challenge conventional theories that high population growth rates have unequivocally adverse consequences for economic development, demonstrating that the evidence is far from conclusive on this point. They similarly question those who argue for generally neutral or even beneficial effects of high population growth rates, showing that here, too, the evidence is less than unequivocal in either direction. Instead, they argue, the nature and direction of the relationship between population growth and economic development is most likely to be situation specific.

The fourth volume in the "Handbook of Comparative Economic Policies," this book provides an overview of the development problems and experiences of developing countries. Rather than focusing on development economics per se, the volume discusses the problems faced by developing countries, the way they sought to overcome those problems, and their progress in overcoming the problems. Written by renowned international experts in development economics, the chapters provide the most comprehensive and current comparative studies available, making the handbook a useful tool for students of development economics, economists, and policy makers.

The world economy is at a cross road: it can either widen and deepen international integration, within and between different areas, or be tempted by neo-protectionism. Which road should the international economy take? Which way will it take? The need to reform the present international monetary system has been almost continuously discussed since the collapse of the Bretton Woods System in August 1971, and even earlier, and it has found renewed interest since the Mexican financial crisis in early 1995. Despite the successful completion of the Uruguay Round in December 1993, many international trade problems remain: many sectors were not included in the agreement, antidumping action and safeguards are still possible, and many trade problems of developing and former communist countries have not been fully addressed. This book analyses this situation by first focusing on the problem of international financial stability and the relationship between national economic policies. It then focuses on the European monetary union within the context of the international monetary system. Finally, the development of international trade is examined within an endogenous growth framework.

Approximately two years ago, the Guido Carli Association charged a group of distinguished economists with studying various aspects of the international monetary system and proposing ways to improve it. The studies were presented at a conference in Florence, Italy, on June 19, 1998 and their edited versions are published in this volume. Ideas for the Future of the International Monetary System consists of two parts: Part I contains the studies commissioned by the Carli Association - those by Dominick Salvatore; Koichi Hamada; Forrest Capie; Michele Fratianni, Andreas Hauskrecht and Aurelio Maccario; Jurgen von Hagen and Ingo Fender, Michael Artis, Marion Kohler and Jacques Melitz; Barry Eichengreen; Michele Fratianni and Andreas Hauskrecht; Paolo Savona and Aurelio Maccario; and Elvio Dal Bosco - and the comments by Paul De Grauwe and William Branson, and the editors' conclusions. Part II contains three papers presented at the Florence conference, by Antonio Fazio, Carl Scognamiglio, and Alberto Predieri.

Introduction to International Economics by Dominick Salvatore offers a clear presentation of today's global economy while explaining the workings of the world economy, the major benefits it provides to both people and nations, and the most serious challenges it faces. The text is filled with more than 85 current and relevant case studies and business examples, represented in every chapter. By using real-world data, Salvatore makes international economics applicable to all. Salvatore introduces the four principles of international economics that are essential to understanding, evaluating, and solving the important issues facing the United States and the world today. These principles- addressing topics from deep poverty in developing countries to the globalization of capital markets- are discussed in a simple but comprehensive way. The text also provides the most up-to-date and clear exposition of international economics principles.

Hardbound. After years of debate and a turbulent passage through Congress, The North American Free Trade Agreement came into effect on 1st January 1994. The agreement heralds a new era in North America's economic and political behavior and will dominate the international economic arena of the western hemisphere in the coming decades.In order to understand the implications and challenges of NAFTA on both a domestic and international level, this book examines the corporate, managerial and financial consequences for the participating countries (United States, Canada and Mexico), as well as the wider impact of economic regionalism in the new world order, especially in relation to the European Union.An overview of the agreement itself is followed by analysis from an external perspective and an examination of intra-regional issues.

Income Distribution was written primarily as a textbook intended for undergraduate economics majors. The material, however, is treated with sufficient rigor to meet the needs of first year graduate students also. The book may also serve the needs of sociologists and political scientists who are primarily interested in the related social justice topics of income inequality and poverty. Each chapter is logically connected with the preceding chapters, providing a general overview of income distribution and its applications.

International Economics, 13th Edition provides students with a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the field's essential principles and theory. This comprehensive textbook explains the concepts necessary to understand, evaluate, and address the economic problems and issues the nations of the world are currently facing, and are likely to face in the future. Balancing depth and accessibility, the text helps students identify the real-world relevance of the material through extensive practical applications and examples. The new, thoroughly-updated and expanded edition provides students with a solid knowledgebase in international trade theory and policy, balance of payments, foreign exchange markets and exchange rates, open-economy macroeconomics, and the international monetary system. The text uniquely employs the same graphical and numerical model in chapters that cover the same basic concept, allowing students to recognize the relationship among the different topics without having to start with a new example each time. Clear, straightforward discussions of each key concept and theory are complemented by concrete, accessible, and relatable examples that serve to strengthen student comprehension and retention. Topics include the 'Great Recession, ' the increase in trade protectionism, excessive volatility and large misalignments of exchange rates, and the impacts of resource scarcity and climate change to continued growth and sustainable development.

The need for continued analysis and evaluation of the international financial system is as pressing now as it was when this book was originally published. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of certain aspects of the international financial system. Specifically it addresses four of the most important financial and monetary issues of the present time: exchange rate, capital markets, international banking and external debt and international financial management.

This volume deals with the very important and timely topic of dollarization, or the official adoption of the dollar as a nation's currency. The benefits and costs, as well as the type of nation that stands to gain from dollarization, are examined by some of the leading experts and participants in the current debate. Some advocate dollarization, some fixed exchange rates, some flexible. Contributors include R. Mundell (Columbia U), A. Berg (IMF), B. Eichengreen (U Cal - Berkeley).

Fully revised and expanded, this fifth edition of Microeconomics: Theory and Applications presents all the standard topics of traditional microeconomic theory while offering a modern approach that reflects the many exciting recent developments in the field. With its student-friendly writing style and clear presentation of graphs, this is an ideal text for undergraduate courses in intermediate microeconomics and business programs.
Features of the Fifth Edition
*Offers a balance of traditional microeconomic topics while addressing contemporary issues and concerns
*Introduces an important international dimension to microeconomics, reflecting the strong trend toward globalization in tastes, production, and distribution in today's world
*Presents an "at the Frontier" section in each chapter that highlights the most exciting recent examples of more advanced theoretical developments in microeconomics
New and Expanded Treatment in the Fifth Edition
*Includes electronic commerce, behavioral economics, auctioning airwaves, effect of outsourcing on employment and wages in the United States, fields of education and lifetime earnings, effect of taxation on business decisions
*Provides more than 130 new and updated real-world examples of how microeconomic theory can be used to analyze and possibly resolve important present-day economic problems
*Offers expanded treatment of important topics such as game theory; financial microeconomics; the new international economies of scale; economics of information; and market structure, efficiency, and regulation
*Features Internet site addresses for the most important topics in each chapter
Website A companion website isnow available at www.oup.com/us/salvatore. This practical learning tool offers updated material, additional examples, and PowerPointR lecture slides for each textbook chapter

Approximately two years ago, the Guido Carli Association charged a group of distinguished economists with studying various aspects of the international monetary system and proposing ways to improve it. The studies were presented at a conference in Florence, Italy, on June 19, 1998 and their edited versions are published in this volume. Ideas for the Future of the International Monetary System consists of two parts: Part I contains the studies commissioned by the Carli Association - those by Dominick Salvatore; Koichi Hamada; Forrest Capie; Michele Fratianni, Andreas Hauskrecht and Aurelio Maccario; Jurgen von Hagen and Ingo Fender, Michael Artis, Marion Kohler and Jacques Melitz; Barry Eichengreen; Michele Fratianni and Andreas Hauskrecht; Paolo Savona and Aurelio Maccario; and Elvio Dal Bosco - and the comments by Paul De Grauwe and William Branson, and the editors' conclusions. Part II contains three papers presented at the Florence conference, by Antonio Fazio, Carl Scognamiglio, and Alberto Predieri.

This volume addresses highly topical issues at a crucial time in international economic relations. The world has never been closer to dismantling the liberal multilateral trading system which has been painstakingly established and successfully operated since the Second World War. In this volume many of the world's most distinguished economists examine the movement toward protectionism, bilateralism, and regionalism, and its causes, effects, and possible solutions. The contributors are theorists, researchers, and advisors to governments and international organizations who are at the forefront of trade theory, policy, and practice, and whose analyses have a real impact on international trade. By collecting together these analyses in a single volume, this book provides a unique survey for students and scholars of economics, and all those concerned with trade theory and policy in business and government.

This volume addresses highly topical issues at a crucial time in international economic relations. The world has never been closer to dismantling the liberal multilateral trading system which has been painstakingly established and successfully operated since the Second World War. In this volume many of the world's most distinguished economists examine the movement toward protectionism, bilateralism, and regionalism, and its causes, effects, and possible solutions. The contributors are theorists, researchers, and advisors to governments and international organizations who are at the forefront of trade theory, policy, and practice, and whose analyses have a real impact on international trade. By collecting together these analyses in a single volume, this book provides a unique survey for students and scholars of economics, and all those concerned with trade theory and policy in business and government.

The need for continued analysis and evaluation of the international financial system is as pressing now as it was when this book was originally published. This volume provides an in-depth analysis of certain aspects of the international financial system. Specifically, it addresses four of the most important financial and monetary issues of the present time: exchange rate, capital markets, international banking and external debt and international financial management.

The ideal review for your microeconomics course

More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's Outlines for their expert knowledge and helpful solved problems. Written by renowned experts in their respective fields, Schaum's Outlines cover everything from math to science, nursing to language. The main feature for all these books is the solved problems. Step-by-step, authors walk readers through coming up with solutions to exercises in their topic of choice. 896 solved problems Outline format supplies a concise guide to the standard college course in microeconomics Clear, concise explanations of all Microeconomics concepts Complements and supplements the major microeconomics textbooks Appropriate for the following courses: Principles of Microeconomics, Intermediate Microeconomics, Introduction to Economics, Microeconomic Theory

The ideal review for your statistics and econometrics course

More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's Outlines for their expert knowledge and helpful solved problems. Written by renowned experts in their respective fields, Schaum's Outlines cover everything from math to science, nursing to language. The main feature for all these books is the solved problems. Step-by-step, authors walk readers through coming up with solutions to exercises in their topic of choice. Clear, concise explanations of all statistics and econometrics concepts Appropriate for the following courses: Statistics and Econometrics, Statistical Methods in Economics, Quantitative Methods in Economics, Mathematical Economics, Micro-Economics, Macro-Economics, Math for Economists, Math for Social Sciences

Tastes, production, labor markets, financial markets, and competition have become highly globalized; financial and economic crises have become more frequent, and the risks of doing business have increased in a world economy that has become more sluggish (growing less rapidly than in past decades). Thoroughly recognizing and highlighting this new business environment, Managerial Economics in a Global Economy examines how firms reach optimal managerial decisions in the face of these modern constraints. Managerial Economics in a Global Economy synthesizes economic theory, decision sciences, and business administration to help instructors train students on how managerial deccisions are actually made in the modern, globalized world. Theory is explained clearly and the applications are numerous, real, and relevant. A global perspective permeates the presentation- examples, data and theory- to help illustrate how local economic decision making is now inescapably global.