This special book is dedicated to the memory of Professor Zdzislaw Pawlak, the father of rough set theory, in order to commemorate both the 10th anniversary of his passing and 35 years of rough set theory. The book consists of 20 chapters distributed into four sections, which focus in turn on a historical review of Professor Zdzislaw Pawlak and rough set theory; a review of the theory of rough sets; the state of the art of rough set theory; and major developments in rough set based data mining approaches. Apart from Professor Pawlak's contributions to rough set theory, other areas he was interested in are also included. Moreover, recent theoretical studies and advances in applications are also presented. The book will offer a useful guide for researchers in Knowledge Engineering and Data Mining by suggesting new approaches to solving the problems they encounter.

'Rough Computing' explores the application of rough set theory, which has attracted attention because of the ability to enhance databases by allowing for the management of uncertainty, a comparative analysis between rough sets, and other intelligent data analysis.

Rough Set Theory, introduced by Pawlak in the early 1980s, has become an important part of soft computing within the last 25 years. However, much of the focus has been on the theoretical understanding of Rough Sets, with a survey of Rough Sets and their applications within business and industry much desired. "Rough Sets: Selected Methods and Applications in Management and Engineering" provides context to Rough Set theory, with each chapter exploring a real-world application of Rough Sets.

"Rough Sets" is relevant to managers striving to improve their businesses, industry researchers looking to improve the efficiency of their solutions, and university researchers wanting to apply Rough Sets to real-world problems.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book offers comprehensive coverage on Ordered Fuzzy Numbers, providing readers with both the basic information and the necessary expertise to use them in a variety of real-world applications. The respective chapters, written by leading researchers, discuss the main techniques and applications, together with the advantages and shortcomings of these tools in comparison to other fuzzy number representation models. Primarily intended for engineers and researchers in the field of fuzzy arithmetic, the book also offers a valuable source of basic information on fuzzy models and an easy-to-understand reference guide to their applications for advanced undergraduate students, operations researchers, modelers and managers alike.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing, RSCTC 2014, held in Granada and Madrid, Spain, in July 2014. RSCTC 2014 together with the Conference on Rough Sets and Emerging Intelligent Systems Paradigms (RSEISP 2014) was held as a major part of the 2014 Joint Rough Set Symposium (JRS 2014) The 23 regular and 17 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. They are organized in topical sections such as fuzzy logic and rough set: tools for imperfect information; fuzzy-rough hybridization; three way decisions and probabilistic rough sets; new trends in formal concept analysis and related methods; fuzzy decision making and consensus; soft computing for learning from data; web information systems and decision making; image processing and intelligent systems.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2013, held in Halifax, Canada in October 2013 as one of the co-located conference of the 2013 Joint Rough Set Symposium, JRS 2013. The 69 papers (including 44 regular and 25 short papers) included in the JRS proceedings (LNCS 8170 and LNCS 8171) were carefully reviewed and selected from 106 submissions. The papers in this volume cover topics such as inconsistency, incompleteness, non-determinism; fuzzy and rough hybridization; granular computing and covering-based rough sets; soft clustering; image and medical data analysis.

This book comprises the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences, ASEA and DRBC 2012, held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of advanced software engineering and its applications, and disaster recovery and business continuity.

This book comprises the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences, MAS and ASNT 2012, held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012.
The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of modeling and simulation, and automotive science and technology.

This book comprises the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences, SIP, WSE, and ICHCI 2012, held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of signal processing, image processing, and pattern recognition, and Web science and engineering, and human computer interaction.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology, ICHIT 2012, held in Daejeon, Korea, in August 2012. The 94 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 196 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on communications and networking; HCI and virtual reality; image processing and pattern recognition; hardware design and applications; computational biology and medical information; data mining and information retrieval; security and safety system; software engineering; workshop on advanced smart convergence (IWASC).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2011, held in Moscow, Russia in June 2011.
The 49 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited and 2 tutorial papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 83 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on rough sets and approximations, coverings and granules, fuzzy set models, fuzzy set applications, compound values, feature selection and reduction, clusters and concepts, rules and trees, image processing, and interactions and visualization.

This volume of Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing contains accepted papers presented at SOCO 2011 held in the beautiful and historic city of Salamanca, Spain, April 2011. This volume presents the papers accepted for the 2011 edition, both for the main event and the Special Sessions. SOCO 2011 Special Sessions are a very useful tool in order to complement the regular program with new or emerging topics of particular interest to the participating community. Four special sessions were organized related to relevant topics as: Optimization and Control in Industry, Speech Processing and Soft Computing, Systems, Man & Cybernetics and Soft Computing for Medical Applications.

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and u- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

As future generation information technology (FGIT) becomes specialized and fr- mented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in FGIT have common threads and, because of this, advances in one discipline may be transmitted to others. Presentation of recent results obtained in different disciplines encourages this interchange for the advancement of FGIT as a whole. Of particular interest are hybrid solutions that c- bine ideas taken from multiple disciplines in order to achieve something more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through such hybrid philosophy, a new principle can be discovered, which has the propensity to propagate throughout mul- faceted disciplines. FGIT 2009 was the first mega-conference that attempted to follow the above idea of hybridization in FGIT in a form of multiple events related to particular disciplines of IT, conducted by separate scientific committees, but coordinated in order to expose the most important contributions. It included the following international conferences: Advanced Software Engineering and Its Applications (ASEA), Bio-Science and Bio-Technology (BSBT), Control and Automation (CA), Database Theory and Application (DTA), D- aster Recovery and Business Continuity (DRBC; published independently), Future G- eration Communication and Networking (FGCN) that was combined with Advanced Communication and Networking (ACN), Grid and Distributed Computing (GDC), M- timedia, Computer Graphics and Broadcasting (MulGraB), Security Technology (SecTech), Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition (SIP), and- and e-Service, Science and Technology (UNESST).

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Conference on Hybrid Information Technology, ICHIT 2006, held in Jeju Island, Korea, in November 2006.

The 64 revised papers were carefully selected during a second round of reviewing and improvement from 235 reports given at the conference and are presented in extended version in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on data analysis, modeling, and learning; imaging, speech, and complex data; applications of artificial intelligence; hybrid, smart, and ubiquitous systems; hardware and software engineering; as well as networking and telecommunications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology, RSKT 2007, held in Toronto, Canada in May 2007 in conjunction with the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2007, both as part of the Joint Rough Set Symposium, JRS 2007.

The 67 revised full papers papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 319 general submissions to the JRS 2007 symposium. The papers are organized in topical sections on rough set foundations, multiple criteria decision analysis, biometrics, kansei engineering, autonomy-oriented computing, soft computing in bioinformatics, ubiquitous computing and networking, rough set algorithms, knowledge representation and reasoning, genetic algorithms, and rough set applications.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 17th Inter- tional Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS 2008), held in York University, Toronto, Canada, May 21-23, 2008. ISMIS is a conference series started in 1986. Held twice every three years, ISMIS provides an inter- tional forum for exchanging scienti?c research and technological achievements in building intelligent systems. Its goal is to achieve a vibrant interchange - tween researchers and practitioners on fundamental and advanced issues related to intelligent systems. ISMIS 2008featureda selectionof latestresearchworkandapplicationsfrom the following areas related to intelligent systems: active media human-computer interaction, autonomic and evolutionary computation, digital libraries, intel- gent agent technology, intelligent information retrieval, intelligent information systems, intelligent language processing, knowledge representation and integ- tion, knowledge discovery and data mining, knowledge visualization, logic for arti?cial intelligence, soft computing, Web intelligence, and Web services. - searchers and developers from 29 countries submitted more than 100 full - pers to the conference. Each paper was rigorously reviewed by three committee members and external reviewers. Out of these submissions, 40% were selected as regular papers and 22% as short papers. ISMIS 2008 also featured three plenary talks given by John Mylopoulos, Jiawei Han and Michael Lowry. They spoke on their recent research in age- oriented software engineering, information network mining, and intelligent so- ware engineering tools, respectively.

This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the 10th Int- national Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing, RSFDGrC 2005, organized at the University of Regina, August 31st-September 3rd, 2005. This conference followed in the footsteps of inter- tional events devoted to the subject of rough sets, held so far in Canada, China, Japan, Poland, Sweden, and the USA. RSFDGrC achievedthe status of biennial international conference, starting from 2003 in Chongqing, China. The theory of rough sets, proposed by Zdzis law Pawlak in 1982, is a model of approximate reasoning. The main idea is based on indiscernibility relations that describe indistinguishability of objects. Concepts are represented by - proximations. In applications, rough set methodology focuses on approximate representation of knowledge derivable from data. It leads to signi?cant results in many areas such as ?nance, industry, multimedia, and medicine. The RSFDGrC conferences put an emphasis on connections between rough sets and fuzzy sets, granularcomputing, and knowledge discoveryand data m- ing, both at the level of theoretical foundations and real-life applications. In the case of this event, additional e?ort was made to establish a linkage towards a broader range of applications. We achieved it by including in the conference program the workshops on bioinformatics, security engineering, and embedded systems, as well as tutorials and sessions related to other application area