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The murder of at least one million Armenian Christians in 1915-16
and of some six million Jews from 1939-45 were the most extreme
instances of mass murder in the First and Second World Wars
respectively. This book examines the development and dynamics of
both genocides. While bringing out the many differences in the
origins, course, and nature of the crimes, the book argues that
both need to be placed into the context of the wider violent
agendas and demographic schemes of the perpetrator states. In the
earlier case, it is important to consider the Ottoman violence
against Assyrian Christians and Greek Orthodox subjects, and
programs of forced assimilation of non-Turkish Muslim groups,
including many Muslims victimized by other states. In the later
case, it is impossible to understand the development of the 'final
solution of the Jewish question' without paying attention to Nazi
policy against Slavic groups, the 'disabled, ' and Europe's Romany
population. Both genocides, furthermore, n
Bergen-Belsen was the only major Nazi concentration camp to be
liberated on the British front, some three weeks before the end of
the war in Europe in 1945. This book contains accounts which should
ensure that the horrors of the camp are on the record for posterity
and cannot be denied or excused...Although Soviet forces discovered
Majdanek, Auschwitz and other camps on their front in 1944/45, the
significance of these sites did not register in the West until much
later. It was the atrocities perpetrated at Belsen and Buchenwald,
therefore, that became headline news in the Western press in April
1945. The eyewitness reports and testimonies are as profoundly
shocking today as they were then; they are gathered in this volume
so that they will not be forgotten.
Despite the massive literature on the Holocaust, our understanding
of it has traditionally been influenced by rather unsophisticated
early perspectives and silences. This book summarises and
criticises the existing scholarship on the subject and suggests new
ways by which we can approach its study. It addresses the use of
victim testimony and asks important questions: What function does
recording the past serve for the victim? What do historians want
from it? Are these two perspectives incompatible? The perpetrators
of the Holocaust and the development of the murder process are
closely examined. The book also compares the mentalities of the
killers and the contexts of the killing with those in other acts of
genocide and ethnic cleansing in the first half of the twentieth
century, searching for an explanation within these comparisons. In
addition, it looks at the bystanders to the Holocaust - considering
the complexity and ambiguity at the heart of contemporary
responses, especially within the western liberal democracies.
Ultimately, this text highlights the essential need to place the
Holocaust in the broadest possible context, emphasising the
importance of producing high quality but sensitive scholarship in
its study. -- .
This work is an indispensable guide to the development of the
emerging discipline of genocide studies and the only available
assessment of the historical literature pertaining to genocides.It
is the only historiographical assessment of genocide studies
available, written by experts in the field. It brings together
comparative analyses of the development of the discipline and
examinations of the historiography of particular cases (or
contested cases) of genocide. It includes thematic, comparative
essays (e.g., on religion, gender, law, modernity) side by side
with historiographical case studies.It deals not only with the few
unambiguous and widely recognized cases of genocide but also with
cases whose status is more contested (e.g., India, China,
Guatemala) through analyses of the historiography relating to those
cases. It is also an incomparable guide to a massive and complex
literature, in newly-commissioned and up-to-date essays.
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The Historiography of Genocide (Paperback)
D. Stone; Anton Weiss-Wendt; Contributions by Donald Bloxham, A. Dirk Moses; Robert Krieken; Contributions by …
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R3,357
Discovery Miles 33 570
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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"The Historiography of Genocide" is an indispensable guide to the
development of the emerging discipline of genocide studies and the
only available assessment of the historical literature pertaining
to genocides.
Against majority opinion within his profession, Donald Bloxham
argues that it is legitimate, often unavoidable, and frequently
important for historians to make value judgements about the past.
History and Morality draws on a wide range of historical examples,
and its author's insights as a practicing historian. Examining
concepts like impartiality, neutrality, contextualisation, and the
use and abuse of the idea of the past as a foreign country,
Bloxham's book investigates how far tacit moral judgements infuse
works of history, and how strange those histories would look if the
judgements were removed. The author argues that rather than trying
to eradicate all judgemental elements from their work, historians
need to think more consistently about how, and with what
justification, they make the judgements that they do. The
importance of all this lies not just in the responsibilities that
historians bear towards the past - responsibilities to take
historical actors on those actors' own terms and to portray the
impact of those actors' deeds - but also in the role of history as
a source of identity, pride, and shame in the present. The account
of moral thought in History and Morality has ramifications far
beyond the activities of vocational historians.
This is a comprehensive history of political violence during
Europe's incredibly violent twentieth century. Leading scholars
examine the causes and dynamics of war, revolution,
counterrevolution, genocide, ethnic cleansing, terrorism and state
repression. They locate these manifestations of political violence
within their full transnational and comparative contexts and within
broader trends in European history from the beginning of the
dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth-century,
through the two world wars, to the Yugoslav Wars and the rise of
fundamentalist terrorism. The book spans a 'greater Europe'
stretching from Ireland and Iberia to the Baltic, the Caucasus,
Turkey and the southern shores of the Mediterranean. It sheds new
light on the extent to which political violence in
twentieth-century Europe was inseparable from the generation of new
forms of state power and their projection into other societies, be
they distant territories of imperial conquest or ones much closer
to home.
The Great Game of Genocide addresses the origins, development and
aftermath of the Armenian genocide in a wide-ranging reappraisal
based on primary and secondary sources from all the major parties
involved. Rejecting the determinism of many influential studies,
and discarding polemics on all sides, it founds its interpretation
of the genocide in the interaction between the Ottoman empire in
its decades of terminal decline, the self-interested policies of
the European imperial powers, and the agenda of some Armenian
nationalists in and beyond Ottoman territory. Particular attention
is paid to the international context of the process of ethnic
polarization that culminated in the massive destruction of 1912-23,
and especially the obliteration of the Armenian community in
1915-16.
The opening chapters of the book examine the relationship between
the great power politics of the 'eastern question' from 1774, the
narrower politics of the 'Armenian question' from the
mid-nineteenth century, and the internal Ottoman questions of
reforming the complex social and ethnic order under intense
external pressure. Later chapters include detailed case studies of
the role of Imperial Germany during the First World War (reaching
conclusions markedly different to the prevailing orthodoxy of
German complicity in the genocide); the wartime Entente and then
the uncomfortable postwar Anglo-French axis; and American political
interest in the Middle East in the interwar period which led to a
policy of refusing to recognize the genocide. The book concludes by
explaining the ongoing international denial of the genocide as an
extension of the historical 'Armenian question', with many of the
same considerationsgoverning modern European-American-Turkish
interaction as existed prior to the First World War.
This is a comprehensive history of political violence during
Europe's incredibly violent twentieth century. Leading scholars
examine the causes and dynamics of war, revolution,
counterrevolution, genocide, ethnic cleansing, terrorism and state
repression. They locate these manifestations of political violence
within their full transnational and comparative contexts and within
broader trends in European history from the beginning of the
dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth-century,
through the two world wars, to the Yugoslav Wars and the rise of
fundamentalist terrorism. The book spans a 'greater Europe'
stretching from Ireland and Iberia to the Baltic, the Caucasus,
Turkey and the southern shores of the Mediterranean. It sheds new
light on the extent to which political violence in
twentieth-century Europe was inseparable from the generation of new
forms of state power and their projection into other societies, be
they distant territories of imperial conquest or ones much closer
to home.
The Holocaust is frequently depicted in isolation by its
historians. Some of them believe that to place it in any kind of
comparative context risks diminishing its uniqueness and even
detracts from the enormity of the Nazi crime. In reality, such a
restricted understanding of "uniqueness" has pulled the Holocaust
apart from history and set up barriers to a better understanding of
the racial onslaught unleashed within the Third Reich and its
conquered territories.
Working against the grain of much earlier writing, this innovative
new history combines a detailed re-appraisal of the development of
the genocide of the Jews, a full consideration of Nazi policies
against other population groups, and a comparative analysis of
other modern genocides.
The Holocaust is portrayed as the culmination of a much wider
history of European genocide and ethnic cleansing, from the late
nineteenth century onwards. Ultimately, Bloxham shows that an
explanation for the Holocaust rooted exclusively in Nazism and
anti-Semitism is inadequate when set against one that is both
prepared to give due weight to the immediate circumstances of the
Second World War in eastern Europe and to situate the Jewish
genocide within the broader patterns of human behavior in the
late-modern world.
When the Allies tried German war criminals at the end of World War II they were attempting not only to punish the guilty but also to set down a history of Nazism and of what had happened in Europe. Yet as Donald Bloxham shows in this incisive new account the reality was that these proceedings failed: not only did the guilty often escape punishment but the final solution was largely written out of history in the post-war era.
When the Allies tried German war criminals at the end of World War II they were attempting not only to punish the guilty but also to set down a history of Nazism and of what had happened in Europe. Yet as Donald Bloxham shows in this incisive new account the reality was that these proceedings failed: not only did the guilty often escape punishment but the final solution was largely written out of history in the post-war era.
Against majority opinion within his profession, Donald Bloxham
argues that it is legitimate, often unavoidable, and frequently
important for historians to make value judgements about the past.
History and Morality draws on a wide range of historical examples,
and its author's insights as a practicing historian. Examining
concepts like impartiality, neutrality, contextualisation, and the
use and abuse of the idea of the past as a foreign country,
Bloxham's book investigates how far tacit moral judgements infuse
works of history, and how strange those histories would look if the
judgements were removed. The author argues that rather than trying
to eradicate all judgemental elements from their work, historians
need to think more consistently about how, and with what
justification, they make the judgements that they do. The
importance of all this lies not just in the responsibilities that
historians bear towards the past - responsibilities to take
historical actors on those actors' own terms and to portray the
impact of those actors' deeds - but also in the role of history as
a source of identity, pride, and shame in the present. The account
of moral thought in History and Morality has ramifications far
beyond the activities of vocational historians.
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