One of the tools often used by a rhetor to motivate, solidify, and manage his constituency is the authorizing figure. While the referencing to historical figures is a common practice and frequently employed in the political realm, it takes on a special role in the inception, activation, and maintenance of social movements. This study analyzes the rhetorical uses of the authorizing figure during the Cuban revolution and Fidel Castro's use of Jose Marti, the civilian leader of the 1890s independence wars from Spain. Donald Rice discusses how the authorizing figure defines and unifies the emerging revolutionary movement, contributes to the application of the sanctioning authority of the state, and legitimizes the revolutionary vision over time.

These three uses provide the framework for the detailed analysis of Castro's discourse over the course of the revolution and its institutionalization, both representing and describing Castro's rehetorical strategy of using the past for present purposes. Chapter 1 is a discussion of the theoretical concepts of authority and authorization, which includes an explanation of the three-tiered approach used in the analysis. Chapter 2 gives a short history of Marti and a review of relevant Marti studies. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 contain the analyses of discourses relevant to Rice's established uses. Chapter 6, the concluding chapter, provides a synthesis of the preceding analyses and suggests areas of future research. These three uses provide the framework for the detailed analysis of Castro's discourse over the course of the revolution and its institutionalization, both representing and describing Castro's rhetorical strategy of using the past for present purposes.

This book is designed to teach introductory students of French literature how to read literary works.

Structured for student success and organized for instructional flexibility, QUANT A MOI...: TEMOIGNAGES DES FRANCAIS ET DES FRANCOPHONES, 5th Edition is written for intermediate courses that emphasize meaningful in-class communication and in-depth exploration of Francophone cultures. Thoroughly updated, the Fifth Edition offers an easy-to-follow structure that facilitates lesson planning and ease of progression through each chapter. The accompanying MANUEL DE PREPARATION offers independent grammar review and practice, allowing class time to be devoted to the culturally rich communicative activities found in the student textbook, MANUEL DE CLASSE. The new edition includes engaging new cultural readings.