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The early modern period is often characterised as a time that
witnessed the rise of a new and powerful merchant class across
Europe. From Italy and Spain in the south, to the Low Countries and
England in the north, men of business and trade came to play an
increasingly pivotal role in the culture, politics and economies of
western Europe. This book takes a comparative approach to the
effect such merchants and traders had on the urban history of
market places - streets, squares and civic buildings - in some of
the great commercial European cities between the fifteenth and
seventeenth centuries. It looks at how this in period, the
transformations of designated commercial areas were important
enough to modify relationships throughout the entire urban context.
Market places tend to be very ancient, continuing to function for
centuries on the same location; but between the middle of the
fourteenth and the first decades of the seventeenth, their
structures began to change as new regulations and patterns of
manufacture, distribution and consumption began to install a new
uniformity and geometry on the market place. During the period
covered by this study, most major European cities undertook the
rebuilding of entire zones, constructing new buildings, demolishing
existing structures and embellishing others. This book analyses the
intentions of innovation, in parallel with sanitary and hygienic
reasons, the juridical regulations of the architecture of certain
building types and the urban strategies as efficient tools to
better control the economic activities within the city.
The early modern period is often characterised as a time that
witnessed the rise of a new and powerful merchant class across
Europe. From Italy and Spain in the south, to the Low Countries and
England in the north, men of business and trade came to play an
increasingly pivotal role in the culture, politics and economies of
western Europe. This book takes a comparative approach to the
effect such merchants and traders had on the urban history of
market places - streets, squares and civic buildings - in some of
the great commercial European cities between the fifteenth and
seventeenth centuries. It looks at how this in period, the
transformations of designated commercial areas were important
enough to modify relationships throughout the entire urban context.
Market places tend to be very ancient, continuing to function for
centuries on the same location; but between the middle of the
fourteenth and the first decades of the seventeenth, their
structures began to change as new regulations and patterns of
manufacture, distribution and consumption began to install a new
uniformity and geometry on the market place. During the period
covered by this study, most major European cities undertook the
rebuilding of entire zones, constructing new buildings, demolishing
existing structures and embellishing others. This book analyses the
intentions of innovation, in parallel with sanitary and hygienic
reasons, the juridical regulations of the architecture of certain
building types and the urban strategies as efficient tools to
better control the economic activities within the city.
500 years ago in Venice, the first ghetto was born. It was the
first of many 'Jewish enclosures' ordained by political powers,
such as the Venetian senate. A place to confine, it soon became an
important cosmopolitan and commercial centre of the Republic. The
architectural structure of its housing, which became
extraordinarily high to accommodate the increasing number of
inhabitants, is strictly interlaced with Venetian history, economy
and culture. As one of the main Jewish centres in Italy and the
Mediterranean, Venice played a crucial role in the Jewish world.
The Venetian word 'geto' (from 'gettare', to throw away) originated
from the sector of Venice where scrap metal accumulated from
foundries. This was the area assigned to the Jews. Thus the word,
over the course of time, has become a synonym for segregation.
"Venice, the Jews, and Europe" exhibition runs in Venice until
November 13 2016. Dontatella Calabi will be promoting his book at
the 'Beyond the Ghetto' symposium in New York, hosted by the Center
for Jewish History, on 18-19 September 2016.
The history of the Venice Ghetto, how it developed, its
architecture, the concrete life of its inhabitants and their
relations with the whole city form the subject of this book. A
reconstruction of the Ghetto in its various historical phases makes
it possible to see exactly how the quarter grew. Along with that
are closely analysed the Jewish religion s customs and rites, the
outstanding importance of Venetian Jewish printing the first in
Europe, the cultural, artistic and artisanal, linguistic, familiar
and economic contexts. In short, the story of a complete and
enthralling microcosm that grew and prospered for over four
centuries within the Serenissima Republic.
As transfer points between different economic and cultural zones,
cities are crucial to shaping processes of cultural exchange. Urban
culture embraces cultural traits borrowed or imported from afar and
those of local neighbourhoods, professions and social groups, yet
it also offers possibilities for the survival of minority
identities. This volume compares the characteristics and patterns
of change in the spaces, sites and building, which expressed and
shaped inter-cultural relationships within the cities of early
modern Europe, especially in their ethnic, religious and
international dimensions. A central theme is the role of foreigners
and the spaces and buildings associated with them from ghettos,
churches and hospitals to colleges, inns and markets. Individual
studies include Greeks in Italian cities and London; the 'Cities of
Jews' in Italy and the place of ghettos in the European
imagination; and the contributions of foreign merchants to the
growth of Amsterdam as a commercial metropolis.
As transfer points between different economic and cultural zones,
cities are crucial to shaping processes of cultural exchange. Urban
culture embraces cultural traits borrowed or imported from afar and
those of local neighbourhoods, professions and social groups, yet
it also offers possibilities for the survival of minority
identities. First published in 2007, this volume compares the
characteristics and patterns of change in the spaces, sites and
building, which expressed and shaped inter-cultural relationships
within the cities of early modern Europe, especially in their
ethnic, religious and international dimensions. A central theme is
the role of foreigners and the spaces and buildings associated with
them from ghettos, churches and hospitals to colleges, inns and
markets. Individual studies include Greeks in Italian cities and
London; the 'Cities of Jews' in Italy and the place of ghettos in
the European imagination; and the contributions of foreign
merchants to the growth of Amsterdam as a commercial metropolis.
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