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This publication aims to assist countries in understanding the
specific challenges and opportunities posed by climate change in
the agricultural sector in order to increase climate resilience and
adapt to climate change. The report presents local-level
priorities, informed by stakeholder input, to build agricultural
resilience in both countries. The objectives of this study are
threefold: 1) to improve the understanding of climate change
projections and impacts on rural communities and livelihoods in
selected regions of Jordan and Lebanon, specifically the Jordan
River Valley and Lebanon s Bekaa Valley; 2) to engage local
communities, farmers, local experts, and local and national
government representatives in a participatory fashion in helping
craft agricultural adaptation options to climate change; and 3) to
develop local and regional climate change action plans that
formulate recommendations for investment strategies and strategic
interventions in local agricultural systems. Therefore, this
publication may serve as the analytical underpinning for ongoing
discussions taking place within the governments, including the
Ministries of Agriculture and Environment, on how to best move
forward in building agricultural resilience to climate change."
Tunisia in a Changing Climate: Assessment and Actions for Increased
Resilience and Development is part of the World Bank Studies
series. These papers are published to communicate the results of
the Bank s ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion.
This book provides an assessment of climate risks, as well as
opportunities and possible actions for addressing climate change,
in Tunisia. It recognizes that the Tunisian revolution of January
14th, 2011, created significant change in the country, resulting in
new challenges and opportunities for addressing further change.
Following the revolution, improvements in access to information,
institutional capacity, and accountability have enhanced the
governance and transparency that are essential for effective
climate change responses. However, political uncertainty has
affected both foreign direct investment and tourism, which have
further impacted already high rates of poverty and unemployment."
This book takes both a global as well as a local perspective in
assessing the impacts of climate change on the economy,
agricultural sector, and households in three of the MENA countries;
Syria, Tunisia and Yemen. The major channels of impact for global
climate change are through changing world food (and energy) prices,
especially since all the countries under analysis are or have
become net importers of oil and petroleum products and many food
commodities in recent years. The impacts of local climate change
decrease crop yields in the longer run and through them,
productivity in the agricultural sector and all the implications
this may have on both, the livelihoods of those dependent on the
sector as well as the rest of the economy. The analysis also
covered what happens when both global and local climate changes
work simultaneously for each country. Findings show that in all
three countries the effects of climate change are negative for
people and the economy GDP falls and livelihoods suffer.
Furthermore, the prevalence of extreme variations in climate such
as the droughts affecting Syria and the floods impacting Yemen
draws attention to the potentially significant drawbacks that are
likely to not only affect any strides towards economic growth and
development, but may also reverse such strides if appropriate
policies are not in place to weather this storm. The analyses in
this book apply CGE models."
In the Arab countries, climate change is a risk to poverty
reduction and economic growth, threatening to unravel many of the
development gains that have been achieved. The Arab Region is
already suffering adverse consequences from climate variability and
change. This book provides information on climate change and its
impact in the Arab Region, as well as technical guidance on climate
adaptation options for policy makers. The areas addressed include
the economic impacts of climate change (as measured by the
reduction in household income and GDP); the impacts of climate
change on the water, health, and tourism sectors; livelihoods and
well-being in rural and urban areas; biodiversity; disaster risk
management; as well as gender and other social relations. The
report is written through a participatory and collaborative
process, led by the World Bank in partnership with the League of
Arab States, incorporating both regional and international experts
on the topics.|This yearbook contains the most comprehensive update
on the current situation of indigenous peoples and the human rights
and other international processes related to indigenous peoples.
With contributions from both indigenous as well as non-indigenous
scholars and activists, The Indigenous World gives an overview of
crucial developments in 2004 that have impacted indigenous peoples
of the world. It includes region and country reports covering most
of the indigenous world and updated information on the processes
within the UN system that relate to indigenous peoples such as: The
Permanent Forum, The Draft Declaration on the Rights of the
Indigenous Peoples, and The Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights
of Indigenous Peoples. It also brings updated information on other
international processes including news from the African Commission
on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Organization of American
States. Diana Vinding is an anthropologist and project coordinator
at The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
This book addresses the social implications of climate change and
climatic variability on indigenous peoples and communities living
in the highlands, lowlands, and coastal areas of Latin America and
the Caribbean. Across the region, indigenous people already
perceive and experience negative effects of climate change and
variability. Many indigenous communities find it difficult to adapt
in a culturally sustainable manner. In fact, indigenous peoples
often blame themselves for the changes they observe in nature,
despite their limited emission of green house gasses. Not only is
the viability of their livelihoods threatened, resulting in food
insecurity and poor health, but also their cultural integrity is
being challenged, eroding the confidence in solutions provided by
traditional institutions and authorities. The book is based on
field research among indigenous communities in three major
eco-geographical regions: the Amazon; the Andes and Sub-Andes; and
the Caribbean and Mesoamerica. It finds major inter-regional
differences in the impacts observed between areas prone to rapid-
and slow-onset natural hazards. In Mesoamerican and the Caribbean,
increasingly severe storms and hurricanes damage infrastructure and
property, and even cause loss of land, reducing access to
livelihood resources. In the Columbian Amazon, changes in
precipitation and seasonality have direct immediate effects on
livelihoods and health, as crops often fail and the reproduction of
fish stock is threatened by changes in the river ebb and flow. In
the Andean region, water scarcity for crops and livestock, erosion
of ecosystems and changes in biodiversity threatens food security,
both within indigenous villages and among populations who depend on
indigenous agriculture, causing widespread migration to already
crowded urban areas. The study aims to increase understanding on
the complexity of how indigenous communities are impacted by
climate change and the options for improving their resilience and
adaptability to these phenomena. The goal is to improve indigenous
peoples rights and opportunities in climate change adaptation, and
guide efforts to design effective and sustainable adaptation
initiatives."
This book presents an inclusive, and resilient solution to
Africa'ss wide-ranging food security challenges, particularly in
fragility, conflict, and violence-affected countries. It assesses
the costs and benefits of using two frontier agriculture
technologies, insect farming and plant hydroponics, to create a
circular food economy in Africa.
Haiti is a resilient society whose rural communities in particular
have developed coping mechanisms in response to a long history of
underdevelopment and political instability. The country's
religious, cultural, and artistic life is highly diverse and
vibrant. Like other fragile states, however, Haiti is also beset by
widespread poverty, inequality, economic decline, unemployment,
poor governance, and violence. This Country Study examines Haiti's
conflict-poverty trap from the perspective of the triangle of
factors that have been identified as its main components: (a)
demographic and socioeconomic factors at the individual and
household levels; (b) the state's institutional capacity to provide
public goods and manage social risks; and (c) the agendas and
strategies of political actors. The report's three main chapters
explore the nature of these components. The closing chapter
considers the linkages among them.
'The Invisible Poor' seeks to raise the profile of the rural poor
in Argentina, promote dialogue on rural poverty issues, provide the
best currently available information about rural poverty, and offer
a basis for discussions on how to expand household survey data
collection to rural areas. Most previous work has been based on
case studies or one-time surveys in a few provinces and
consequently has been of limited use for drawing conclusions about
rural conditions overall in Argentina. Largely because of data
limitations, profound gaps exist in the understanding of rural
poverty in Argentina. As a result, the rural poor have sometimes
been neglected in policy discussions. This study does not directly
address policy responses. Rather it seeks to provide an analytical
basis for understanding the conditions of rural life, with the
ultimate goal of helping policy makers improve the welfare of
Argentina s rural poor through evidence-based policy."
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