This book is for novices If you have never done any programming before - if you are a complete novice - this book is for you. This book assumes no prior knowledge of programming. It starts from scratch. It is written in a simple, direct style for maximum clarity. It is aimed at first level students at universities and colleges, but it is also suitable for novices studying alone. The approach of this book We explain how to use objects early in this book. Our approach is to start with the ideas of variables, assignment and methods, then introduce the use of objects created from library classes. Next we explain how to use control structures for selection and looping. Then comes the treatment of how to write your own classes. We wanted to make sure that the fun element of programming was paramount, so we use graphics right from the start. We think graphics is fun, interesting and clearly demonstrates all the important principles of programming. But we haven't ignored programs that input and output text - they are also included. The programs we present use many of the features of a graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as buttons, scroll bars and text boxes. But we also explain how to write console programs in Java. We introduce new ideas carefully one-at-a-time, rather than all at once. So, for example, there is a single chapter on writing methods. We introduce simple ideas early and more sophisticated ideas later on.

If you are new to computer programming then this book is for you! Starting from scratch, it assumes no prior knowledge of programming and is written in a simple, direct style for maximum clarity. C# ('C Sharp') is an object-oriented, network-enabled programming language, developed expressly for Microsoft's .Net platform. C# provides the features that are the most important to programmers: object-orientation, graphics, GUI components, multimedia, internet-based client/server networking and distributed computing. 'C# for Students' explains key programming concepts and the central ideas of object oriented programming, using C# as the vehicle language.

Compound semiconductors have long been an integral part of everyday life. Recent progress on their potential as emitters, sensing devices in biological and chemical environments, and high-efficiency power devices demonstrates their impact on energy and environment. Compound-semiconductor-based photovoltaic systems are emerging as an economical means of generating renewable energy through the use of concentrator technologies. However, while solid-state lighting devices have shown energy-saving and environmental benefits, much still needs to be done to realize their full potential. This book contains reports from internationally known experts on the state of compound-semiconductor-based devices with application in environmental conservation and energy saving challenges. Topics include: compound semiconductors for PV applications; compound semiconductors for lighting; compound semiconductors for lighting, power and sensing; compound semiconductors for energy; compound semiconductors for sensing; and materials growth and characterization. An appendix, with select papers from Symposium S, Materials in Photocatalysis and Photochemistry for Environmental Applications and H2 Generation, is also included in the book.

Symposium D, 'Compound Semiconductors for Energy Applications and Environmental Sustainability', was held at the 2011 MRS Spring Meeting April 25-29 in San Francisco, California. Compound semiconductors have long been an integral part of everyday life. Many of these semiconductors exhibit direct band gaps that are tailorable over a wide range of energy. This property can be leveraged for many energy-related applications such as efficient lighting, high-efficiency solar cells and efficient switching. Recent progress on their potential as emitters, sensing devices in biological and chemical environments, and high-efficiency power devices demonstrates their impact on conservation of energy and environment and on mitigation of climate change. This volume contains reports from internationally-known experts on the state of compound semiconductor-based devices with applications to environmental conservation and energy use reduction, challenges associated with realization of such devices and obstacles to their widespread use.