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Environmental fluid mechanics (EFM) is the scientific study of
transport, dispersion and transformation processes in natural fluid
flows on our planet Earth, from the microscale to the planetary
scale. This book brings together scientists and engineers working
in research institutions, universities and academia, who engage in
the study of theoretical, modeling, measuring and software aspects
in environmental fluid mechanics. It provides a forum for the
participants, and exchanges new ideas and expertise through the
presentations of up-to-date and recent overall achievements in this
field.
Time and Methods in Environmental Interfaces Modelling: Personal
Insights considers the use of time in environmental interfaces
modeling and introduce new methods, from the global scale (e.g.
climate modeling) to the micro scale (e.g. cell and nanotubes
modeling), which primarily arise from the personal research
insights of the authors. As the field of environmental science
requires the application of new fundamental approaches that can
lead to a better understanding of environmental phenomena, this
book helps necessitate new approaches in modeling, including
category theory, that follow new achievements in physics,
mathematics, biology, and chemistry.
Zavia Janjic may mostly be remembered for his pioneering
contributions that allowed for the advancement of weather
forecasting, which we witnessed over the last 40 years. In the
scientific community, he is valued for his remarkable knowledge and
intellect that formed the basis of his legacy of innovation, rigour
and achievement in atmospheric science. His accomplishments were
honored with numerous prestigious awards, and his ingenuity,
brightness, kindness and humour kindled respect and dedication in
his many colleagues and students. Upon Zavia Janjics passing,
collaborators and students endeavored to describe his person and
his work by assembling the details of his journey on the narrow
path to true success in science -- a path that is reserved for a
select few. As a young student, Zavia started work on his first
limited area numerical weather prediction model, which became
operational at the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of the
former Yugoslavia in 1978. Janjic was able to solve several
difficult scientific questions during the model design and
development phase, which helped lay the foundation for his models.
Starting in the mid-to-late eighties, Professor Janjic worked on
parameterisations of numerous physical processes. This work
developed over the longest portion of his career, lasting over 20
years. It included the development of Eta, Weather Research and
Forecasting Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM) and
Non-hydrostatic Meso-scale Model on B grid (NMMB), which were
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) weather
prediction models. Readers of this book will also enjoy a reprint
of an interview with Professor Janjic; a professional biography
with Professor Janjics specific contributions and references to
scientific papers; commemorative letters from several directors of
major meteorological centers describing how they saw Professor
Janjics work in atmospheric science; and photos and documents from
Janjics life and work. Interlacing his life story with a working
biography, writers and editors of this book hope to inspire the
coming generation of scientists, as well as provide a timely
tribute to Professor Janjics contribution to atmospheric science.
To preserve this world for future generations, we must strive for
sustainable development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising future options and resources. The objective of this
book is to bring together scientists and engineers working in
research institutions, universities and academia who engage in the
study of the theoretical, modelling, measuring and software aspects
of the environmental sciences. It is intended to provide a forum
for participants to obtain up-to-date information and exchange new
ideas and expertise through the presentation of recent achievements
in this field. A combination of professionals from a wide spectrum
of different areas focused on theoretical, modelling and
experimental approaches, including software design and
measurements, in the environmental sciences.
Regardless of the word "balance" being used either globally or
locally in any given context, it is undoubtedly the keyword in the
increasing number of environmental problems. The underlined sketch
is a proper introduction to the question: Why are the environmental
problems being focused on now? One particular answer can be found
in a hierarchy of the main scientific problems for the 21st century
as seen by the community mostly consisting of physicists and
biologists. According to them, in the 21st century the world of
scientific community will be occupied by the problems linked to
superconductivity, quantum teleology, modelling living structures
and environmental problems that are primarily expressed through the
problem of climate changes. A unique characteristic of these
problems is their close connection with the questions of different
aspects of the existence of individual human being, i.e., the
questions of technological capability, origin of the consciousness
and survival on the Earth. Based on own experience and knowledge of
scientists, accumulated from their recent environmentally oriented
projects, this book covers, for the first time, the complex field
of fundamental scientific methodologies, modelling and measurements
in environmental and linking sciences. The first part of the book
comprises the following points: modelling transverse turbulent
mixing in a shallow flow, new approaches in modelling of natural
complex systems, modelling of forest-atmosphere interaction,
modelling of the advection term in the equations of motion,
dynamics of coupled interactions of natural complex systems,
calculation of albedo over heterogeneous environmental interfaces
and regional climate modelling. In the second part are considered
vertical mixing schemes for chemical transport models, locating the
source of air pollution using inverse modelling techniques,
aggregating the albedo in mountain regions, deposition of heavy
metals by moss biomonitoring technique, spectral UV radiation
measurement and modelling, measurements of atmospheric ammonia over
grassland and measurements evaporation over short vegetation. The
third part is devoted to climate change impacts and adaptation
options of vulnerable agriculture in different aspects, prediction
of plant diseases appearance as well as spatial climatic analogy
and adaptive knowledge transfer.
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