Environmental fluid mechanics (EFM) is the scientific study of transport, dispersion and transformation processes in natural fluid flows on our planet Earth, from the microscale to the planetary scale. This book brings together scientists and engineers working in research institutions, universities and academia, who engage in the study of theoretical, modeling, measuring and software aspects in environmental fluid mechanics. It provides a forum for the participants, and exchanges new ideas and expertise through the presentations of up-to-date and recent overall achievements in this field.

Time and Methods in Environmental Interfaces Modelling: Personal Insights considers the use of time in environmental interfaces modeling and introduce new methods, from the global scale (e.g. climate modeling) to the micro scale (e.g. cell and nanotubes modeling), which primarily arise from the personal research insights of the authors. As the field of environmental science requires the application of new fundamental approaches that can lead to a better understanding of environmental phenomena, this book helps necessitate new approaches in modeling, including category theory, that follow new achievements in physics, mathematics, biology, and chemistry.

Zavia Janjic may mostly be remembered for his pioneering contributions that allowed for the advancement of weather forecasting, which we witnessed over the last 40 years. In the scientific community, he is valued for his remarkable knowledge and intellect that formed the basis of his legacy of innovation, rigour and achievement in atmospheric science. His accomplishments were honored with numerous prestigious awards, and his ingenuity, brightness, kindness and humour kindled respect and dedication in his many colleagues and students. Upon Zavia Janjics passing, collaborators and students endeavored to describe his person and his work by assembling the details of his journey on the narrow path to true success in science -- a path that is reserved for a select few. As a young student, Zavia started work on his first limited area numerical weather prediction model, which became operational at the Federal Hydrometeorological Institute of the former Yugoslavia in 1978. Janjic was able to solve several difficult scientific questions during the model design and development phase, which helped lay the foundation for his models. Starting in the mid-to-late eighties, Professor Janjic worked on parameterisations of numerous physical processes. This work developed over the longest portion of his career, lasting over 20 years. It included the development of Eta, Weather Research and Forecasting Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-NMM) and Non-hydrostatic Meso-scale Model on B grid (NMMB), which were National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) weather prediction models. Readers of this book will also enjoy a reprint of an interview with Professor Janjic; a professional biography with Professor Janjics specific contributions and references to scientific papers; commemorative letters from several directors of major meteorological centers describing how they saw Professor Janjics work in atmospheric science; and photos and documents from Janjics life and work. Interlacing his life story with a working biography, writers and editors of this book hope to inspire the coming generation of scientists, as well as provide a timely tribute to Professor Janjics contribution to atmospheric science.

To preserve this world for future generations, we must strive for sustainable development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future options and resources. The objective of this book is to bring together scientists and engineers working in research institutions, universities and academia who engage in the study of the theoretical, modelling, measuring and software aspects of the environmental sciences. It is intended to provide a forum for participants to obtain up-to-date information and exchange new ideas and expertise through the presentation of recent achievements in this field. A combination of professionals from a wide spectrum of different areas focused on theoretical, modelling and experimental approaches, including software design and measurements, in the environmental sciences.

Regardless of the word "balance" being used either globally or locally in any given context, it is undoubtedly the keyword in the increasing number of environmental problems. The underlined sketch is a proper introduction to the question: Why are the environmental problems being focused on now? One particular answer can be found in a hierarchy of the main scientific problems for the 21st century as seen by the community mostly consisting of physicists and biologists. According to them, in the 21st century the world of scientific community will be occupied by the problems linked to superconductivity, quantum teleology, modelling living structures and environmental problems that are primarily expressed through the problem of climate changes. A unique characteristic of these problems is their close connection with the questions of different aspects of the existence of individual human being, i.e., the questions of technological capability, origin of the consciousness and survival on the Earth. Based on own experience and knowledge of scientists, accumulated from their recent environmentally oriented projects, this book covers, for the first time, the complex field of fundamental scientific methodologies, modelling and measurements in environmental and linking sciences. The first part of the book comprises the following points: modelling transverse turbulent mixing in a shallow flow, new approaches in modelling of natural complex systems, modelling of forest-atmosphere interaction, modelling of the advection term in the equations of motion, dynamics of coupled interactions of natural complex systems, calculation of albedo over heterogeneous environmental interfaces and regional climate modelling. In the second part are considered vertical mixing schemes for chemical transport models, locating the source of air pollution using inverse modelling techniques, aggregating the albedo in mountain regions, deposition of heavy metals by moss biomonitoring technique, spectral UV radiation measurement and modelling, measurements of atmospheric ammonia over grassland and measurements evaporation over short vegetation. The third part is devoted to climate change impacts and adaptation options of vulnerable agriculture in different aspects, prediction of plant diseases appearance as well as spatial climatic analogy and adaptive knowledge transfer.