With the rapid increase in the global population and changing climatic impacts on agriculture, this book demonstrates how genome editing will be an indispensable technique to overcome ongoing and prospective agricultural challenges. This book examines the role of genome editing for improving crop yields and contributing to global food security. It summarises a range of genome editing techniques and discusses the roles they can play in producing a new generation of high-yielding, climate ready crops. This includes Site-Specific Nucleases, precision genome engineering, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and bioinformatics. It showcases how these gene editing techniques can tailor plants to not only increase yield related traits, but to also make them better suited to their environment and to be resistant to pests and extreme climatic events, such as droughts. The book also examines genome editing regulations and policies, the commercialisation of genome edited crops and biosafety and biosecurity concerns. Overall, this book reveals and showcases how genome editing can improve crop resilience and production to address current and future agricultural challenges and for the alleviation of global food security concerns. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of agricultural science, crop and plant science, genome editing, sustainable agriculture, biotechnology and food security.

This book focuses on the effects of genotoxic agents causing oxidative stress in plants. The book explores different kind of chemicals which induces genotoxicity, their mechanism of action and effects on plant health. Impacts at the physiological and molecular levels are discussed. The book is of interest to teachers, researchers and plant scientists. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists will also find this to be a useful read.

This book focuses on the effects of genotoxic agents causing oxidative stress in plants. The book explores different kind of chemicals which induces genotoxicity, their mechanism of action and effects on plant health. Impacts at the physiological and molecular levels are discussed. The book is of interest to teachers, researchers and plant scientists. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and international agricultural scientists will also find this to be a useful read.

World is facing a rising epidemic of global environmental problems. Modern communication has brought us into a closer contact with every part of the world; we are compelled to recognize that all the Earth inhabitants share a common environment and its related problems. With the onset of industrial revolution in 1700s, increasing use of fossil fuels has resulted in enormous emissions of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere on burning. The increasing domestic and industrial energy demands coupled with an increase in the technological abilities has strengthened our potential for altering the environment we live. This present study aims to calculate carbon footprint of energy consumption in Nestle' milk collection centers in Pakistan. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 aids in the various calculation that are undertaken in carbon footprint estimation. It is estimated that a total of 5337.076 tons of Carbon Dioxide emissions results from energy consumption by the milk collection centers all over the Pakistan. The aim for all is Carbon neutrality, which though is quite hard to achieve but is not impossible.

Water is a valuable product, which should be used carefully. Increased global consumption of water has become a growing concern from a few decades, which has increased the demand of water recycling and reuse of waste-water by treating it with appropriate methods and technologies to meet the needs and aspirations of future generation. The reuse and recycling of laundry waste-water was carried out at lab scale. In this study, two random laundries were selected. A survey of PU and LCWU hostel laundries was made to characterize the laundry waste-water. A low cost sand and gravel filter was designed to reuse the laundry waste-water for the first rinse. Treated water was considered as low-grade water, which was found suitable for the first rinse of clothes in both laundries. By the uses of this low-grade water, 0.7m3 and 0.8m3 of fresh water from PU and LCWU laundries could be save daily.

The removal of heavy metals from the wastewater is a matter of concern for many countries but is a key issue in developing countries like Pakistan. These heavy metals are of serious health and environmental concern and there is a need to discover new and effective methods for their removal from industrial effluents. Removal of Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) from industrial wastewater was studied using metal oxide nanoparticles such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The metal oxide nanoparticles provide high adsorption capacity, simple operation and rapid adsorption.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are now believed to be superior in treating industrial effluent, especially effluent of textile industry because of their several advantages over other treatment techniques, including conventional and biological treatment methods. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the efficiency of AOPs, including Hydrogen Per Oxide alone, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, Solar Radiation assisted Photo-Fenton and Ozonation for the color and COD removal of textile effluent. AOPs are proven to be the efficient method for the treatment of textile effluent. The performance of Fenton process was slightly better. Ozonation was proved to be highly feasible and promising technique to decolorize and reduce COD from textile effluent but it is very costly. Photo-Fenton process via UV lamp considerably removed the color and COD but it is not economically viable. Photo-Fenton (sunlight) proved to be the most cost effective and efficient procedure for the color and COD removal among all AOP's, whereas Fenton process to be the second best option. So Solar assisted Photo-Fenton proved as the most energy and cost effective process among all AOPs.

The present study is the evaluation of total economic benefits generated by the solid waste management activities. To assess the financial viability/ sustainability and evaluation of social acceptability and likely economic benefits to the locals in terms of their improved status of life by the implementation of the Integrated Waste Management System. The study concludes that the proposed management system does not involve any long term irreversible negative impacts. Most of the negative impacts identified in the study are temporary and manageable through adopting the Social Management Plan, by providing monitoring arrangements and resources during design, construction and operation stages of the project.

Edited by Hanan Issa, Durre Shahwar and OEzgur Uyanik. "I felt the city in my muscles, my saliva. I wanted to be changed. I wanted to be in love." A young woman weaves her experience of abuse into the folklore of her ancestors. A student addresses his OCD by writing letters. A Paralympic medallist reflects upon his journey into a challenging new lifestyle. From language politics to neurodivergence, cultural heritage to sexual identity, from immigration to race, these are insights shared with great care, sincerity, and often humour. Featuring an unbound range of writers; united by their connection to Wales, but reaching freely across continents. This collection is an open invitation. It is a bringing together of previously untold perspectives: creative essays with no hard lines or prescriptive margins. No normative spotlights, only an open space to speak, and be heard. These are stories told on their own terms.