After the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union, hope was high for democracy's introduction to Eastern Europe and Eurasia. By the end of the twentieth century, a handful of the fifteen successor states had become democratic, but most were authoritarian or semi-authoritarian. "Elections and Democracy after Communism? "assesses the contradictory trajectories of post-communist states, focusing on the evolution of electoral practices. Chapters address the design and consequences of election rules, voter decisions to participate in elections and support specific parties, the use of referendums, election quality, and public responses to allegations of election fraud.

Using election returns, public opinion surveys, and legislative roll-call data from many mixed systems in every world region, the authors show that contamination systematically affects party strategy, voting behavior, legislative cohesion and the overall structure of partisan competition.

This book reveals a comprehensive strategy to reduce high and rising medical costs. The author provides a simpler and more complete understanding of how complex medical systems work than past efforts. While others provide partial, superficial solutions, which mainly focus mainly on financial issues, this book re-examines the underlying foundations of modern medicine. Faulty knowledge misguides the medical system to perform inefficiently and expensively, in spite of the best efforts of sincere, dedicated, and competent health-care professionals. The author presents numerous winning solutions for improving medical system effectiveness. These include a complete science-based plan that applies disease prevention, health promotion, public health, primary care, scientifically verified complementary and alternative medicine, and many other approaches to improve health and reduce medical expenses. While this innovative book contains many science-based solutions, it is simple, clear, and easy to understand. For more information, see this web site: www.reducemedicalcosts.com.

This book uses elections as a vehicle to explain the unanticipated outcomes of post-Soviet politics. It assesses how the behavior of voters, candidates and government officials is influenced by the Soviet legacy and rational calculations of self-interest and is the first to address elections across post-Soviet space.

Using election returns, public opinion surveys, and legislative roll-call data from many mixed systems in every world region, the authors show that contamination systematically affects party strategy, voting behaviour, legislative cohesion and overall structure of partisan competition.

This book reveals a comprehensive strategy to reduce high and rising medical costs. The author provides a simpler and more complete understanding of how complex medical systems work than past efforts. While others provide partial, superficial solutions, which mainly focus mainly on financial issues, this book re-examines the underlying foundations of modern medicine. Faulty knowledge misguides the medical system to perform inefficiently and expensively, in spite of the best efforts of sincere, dedicated, and competent health-care professionals. The author presents numerous winning solutions for improving medical system effectiveness. These include a complete science-based plan that applies disease prevention, health promotion, public health, primary care, scientifically verified complementary and alternative medicine, and many other approaches to improve health and reduce medical expenses. While this innovative book contains many science-based solutions, it is simple, clear, and easy to understand. For more information, see this web site: www.reducemedicalcosts.com.