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Mechanism of Action and Rationale for the Use of Biological
Response Modifiers, Differentiating Agents and Nucleoside Analogues
in Combination: Cytokine Synergy in Immunotherapy (J.W. Hadden et
al.). Monitoring Combination Therapy Trials (J.L. Rossio et al.).
Combination Chemotherapy and BRM Therapy in the Treatment of
Cancer: Cancer Immunochemotherapy (G. Graziani et al.). Combination
of Chronic Indomethacin and Intermittent IL2 Therapy in the
Treatment of Disseminated Cancer (P.K. Lala et al.). Biological
Response Modifiers and Differentiating Agents in Myelodisplastic
Syndromes (A. Venditti et al.). Single and Combination Therapy with
BRM's in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases, AIDS, and
Autoimmunity: AntiCytokine Therapy of Murine Candidiasis (L. Romani
et al.). The Basic Research and Clinical Application of
Thymopeptidin (C.X. Zheng et al.). Combination AntiHIV Therapy
(T.C. Merigan). 22 additional articles. Index.
Combination Immunotherapy: Immune Therapy of Human Cancers (R.P.
Gale, A. Butturini). Clinical Applications of Combination
Chemoimmunotherapy in Cancer: Combination of Fluorouracil and
Interfon (R. Pazdur). Combination Approaches and Gene Therapy in
the Treatment of AIDS and Other Infectious Diseases: Combination
Therapies with Cytokines and AntiCytokines in Murine Opportunistic
Infections (L. Romani et al.). Mechanism of Action and Synergy
Between Drugs, Biological Response Modifiers and/or Vaccines in
Combination Therapies: The Case for Synergy of Thymic Hormones and
Interleukins in Immune Reconstitution (J.W. Hadden et al.). Immune
Mediated Tumor Destruction (P.M. Sondel). Prospects and Future
Directions Using Animal Models to Define Effective Combination
Therapies with Biological Response Modifiers: Cancer Immunotherapy
(L. Tentori et al.). 29 additional articles. Index.
Over the past decade many of the key lymphokines, hormones and
growth factors that help regulate the immune system have been
defined. These molecules, termed biological response modifiers
(BRMs) , have been sequenced, synthesized and produced in large
enough quantities to test in animals and humans resulting in the
development of new approaches to the treatment of human disease, in
particular, cancers and infectious diseases. Advances in this area
have also led to rethinking therapies against a range of autoimmune
disorders and other diseases associated with immune and endocrine
imbalances. BRMs currently are being applied clinically as both
primary and adjunctive therapy to enhance the effectiveness of
traditional treatments by maximizing their activities and to
protect critical tissues against intolerable chemotherapeutic and
radiation damage. Present constraints against the use of BRMs
revolve around the nature of these substances in vivo, where many
of their actions and the majority of their interactions and
synergies remain to be elucidated. For example, as these molecules
are thought to exert their effects locally, the systemic
administration of lymphokines, cytokines and growth factors at
doses adequate to produce a wanted anti-tumor effect in many
instances is intolerably toxic. Efforts to overcome this formidable
problem have led scientists to begin to explore the transfer of
genes known to encode for these molecules into cells which
otherwise inadequately elicit or produce anti-tumor or
anti-infective responses.
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