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Forecasting the weather for the long and medium range is a
difficult and scientifically challenging problem. Since the first
operational weather prediction by numerical methods was carried out
(on the BESK computer in Stockholm, Sweden, 1954) . there has been
an ever accelerating development in computer technology. Hand in
hand has followed a tremendous increase in the complexity of the
atmospheric models used for weather prediction. The ability of
these models to predict future states of the atmosphere has also
increased rapidly, both due to model development and due to more
accurate and plentiful observations of the atmosphere to define the
initial . state for model integrations. It may however be argued on
theoretical grounds that even if we have an almost perfect model
with almost perfect initial data, we will never be able to make an
accurate weather prediction more than a few weeks ahead. This is
due to the inherent instability of the atmosphere and work in this
field was pioneered by E. Lorenz. It is generally referred to as
atmospheric predict ability and in the opening chapter of this book
Professor Lorenz gives us an overview of the problem of atmospheric
predictability. The contributions to this book were originally
presented at the 1981 ECMWF Seminar (ECMWF - European Centre for
Medium Range Weather Forecasts) which was held at ECMWF in Reading,
England, in September 1981."
One of the main reasons we cannot tell what the weather will be
tomorrow is that we do not know accurately enough what the weather
is today. Mathematically speaking, numerical weather prediction
(NWP) is an initial-value problem for a system of nonlinear partial
differential equations in which the necessary initial values are
known only incompletely and inaccurately. Data at the initial time
of a numerical forecast can be supplemented, however, by
observations of the atmos phere over a time interval preceding it.
New observing systems, in particular polar-orbiting and
geostationary satellites, which are providing observations
continuously in time, make is absolutely necess ary to find new and
more satisfactory methods of assimilating meteorological
observations - for the dual purpose of defining atmospheric states
and of issuing forecasts from the states thus defined. FUndamental
progress in this area has been made in recent years and this book
attempts to give a review and some suggestions for further
improvements in the field of meteorological data assimila tion
methods. The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts
(ECMWF) every year organises seminars for the benefit of
meteorologists and geophysicists of the ECMWF Member states. The
1980 Seminar was devoted to data assimilation methods, and this
book contains selected lectures from that seminar. The purpose of
the seminar was twofold: it was intended to give a basic
introduction to the subject, as well as an overview of the latest
developments in the field."
In this economy, businesses are more demanding and more particular
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of college grads are either unemployed or under-employed.
"You've Graduated. Now What?" is a straight-up, not watered-down
guide that was written by young entrepreneurs who went from sitting
on one side of the interviewer's desk to sitting in the hiring
manager's seat in just a short span of years. The authors share
real-world experiences and give you the good, the bad, and the ugly
about what it really takes to stand out from the crowd and land a
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In this book, you will take a raw, unfiltered look inside the mind
of the hiring manager and learn
The secrets to getting your resume noticed (not deleted )
How to leverage your resources to increase your chances of getting
hired
The biggest mistakes that people make when dressing for an
interview
Four things you should never say in an interview
One thing you must do to guarantee you leave a good
impression
Creative ways to improve your work ethic and make sure you get
hired quickly
And much, much more
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