The Urban Climate aims to summarize analytical studies directed toward physical understanding of the rural-urban differences in the atmospheric boundary layer. Attempts to quantify conditions have met with some success. There is certainly a clear understanding of the physical relations that create the climatic differences of urbanized areas. Although some of the earlier classical studies are cited here, the emphasis is on the work done during the last decade and a half. This volume comprises 11 chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the literature surrounding the topic, its historical development, and the problem of local climate modification. The second chapter presents an assessment of the urban atmosphere on a synoptic and local scale, and examines the observational procedures involved. The following chapters then go on to discuss urban air composition; urban energy fluxes; the urban heat island; the urban wind field; models of urban temperature and wind fields; moisture, clouds, and hydrometeors; urban hydrology; special aspects of urban climate; and finally, urban planning. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of meteorology, urban planning, and urban climatology.

Everyone has the right to education. The main objective of any education system in a democratic society is to provide quality education for all learners so that they will be able to reach their full potential and contribute meaningfully to and participate in that society throughout their lives. With the publication of the Education White Paper 6 in 2001, South Africa proclaimed its policy of inclusive education; however this policy is not always clearly understood by educators. Addressing barriers to learning provides relevant and in-depth knowledge to better prepare educators to teach all the learners in their class groups. Addressing barriers to learning covers the complete continuum of learners as reflected in the Education White Paper 6, and includes the most vulnerable of them: those who are economically and educationally disadvantaged, those with physical, sensory, intellectual, and/or learning impairment as well as those displaying challenging behaviour who are at risk of exclusion. Case studies offer practical examples and activities provide hands-on experience regarding classroom practice and management, collaboration with all role players and mobilisation of community involvement, which is at the heart of true inclusion. Addressing barriers to learning is aimed at both prospective and current educators.