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The book collects the lectures and the status reports delivered
during the "Eighth International Conference on Photochemical
Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy," IPS-8, held in Palermo
(Italy) from 15th to 20th of July 1990. As usual, the main theme of
the Conference was that of making the point about the trends and
the developments of the studies related to the photochemical
exploitation of solar energy and also to report the main lines of
potential applications. Therefore the contributions reflect this
point; they vary from those reporting basic and fundamental
theories to those reporting cases of possible applications. For the
sake of following the logical line which links each other the
various contributions, we report the six areas in which the main
theme of the conference was devided: (a) Electron and energy
transfer in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems; (b)
Photosynthesis: organized assemblies and biomimetic systems; (c)
Photoelectrochemistry; (d) Photocatalysis: homogeneous and
heterogeneous regime; (e) Environment: photochemical and
photocatalytic processes; (f) Solar energy materials and
photochemical engineering. It remains now to thank persons and
institutions which made possible the organization of the
Conference. The persons to thank are all the members of the
International and National Organizing Committees and in particular
Prof. A.Sclafani and Dr. L.Palmisano whose efforts were essential
for the success of the Conference.
Ever since the oil crisis of 1973, researchers in various fields of
chemistry have proposed various schemes to conserve energy, as well
to convert the sun's abundant and limitless supply of energy to
produce chemical fuels (e. g. , hydrogen from water, . *. ). The
enthusiasm had no previous parallel in the mid-1970's.
Unfortunately, despite the several good proposals, the results have
proven - in retrospect - somewhat disappointing from an economic
viable point of view. The reasons for the meagre results are
manyfold not the least of which are the experimental difficulties
encountered in storage systems. Moreover, the lack of a concerted,
well orchestrated interdisciplinary approach has been significant.
By contrast, the chemical advances made in the understanding of the
processes involved in such schemes have been phenomenal. A recent
book on this issue ( M. Gratzel, Energy Resources through
Photochemistry and Catalysis, 1983) is witness to the various
efforts and approaches taken by researchers. In the recent years,
many more groups have joined in these efforts, and the number of
papers in the lit~rature is staggering ! One of the motives for
organizing this NATO Advanced Research Workshop stemmed from our
view that it was time to take stock of the accomplishments and
rather than propose new schemes, it was time to consider seriously
avenues that are most promising.
Fine Particles Science and Technology deals with the preparation,
characterization and technological applications of monodisperse
particles in the micro to nano size range. A broad view of this
frontier field is given, covering understanding the mechanisms by
which uniform fine particles are formed and the search for new
processes; the mechanism of the precipitation technique, requiring
knowledge of the relationship between the complex solution
chemistry and the products formed; the sequence of events leading
to the formation of monodisperse colloids. The following topics are
presented: microparticles, nanoparticles, applications in the
preparation of materials, synthesis and properties, environmental
applications, and many others.
This book introduces the general principles of reaction equilibria
and kinetics involved in marine geochemical cycles. The major
electrolytes dramatically affect the rates and equilibria of the
chemical reactions in the sea. In order to understand these
interactions, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the
major, minor and trace chemical components. This volume is also
focused on the development and applications of analytical
techniques for accurate determination and speciation in seawater,
and on the effect of pollution on the marine environment, since
small quantities of other elements may have a significant influence
on global chemical cycling. Audience: This book is of value for
marine chemists, biogeochemists, ecologists, oceanographers,
environmental engineers and analytical chemists.
Fine Particles Science and Technology deals with the preparation,
characterization and technological applications of monodisperse
particles in the micro to nano size range. A broad view of this
frontier field is given, covering understanding the mechanisms by
which uniform fine particles are formed and the search for new
processes; the mechanism of the precipitation technique, requiring
knowledge of the relationship between the complex solution
chemistry and the products formed; the sequence of events leading
to the formation of monodisperse colloids. The following topics are
presented: microparticles, nanoparticles, applications in the
preparation of materials, synthesis and properties, environmental
applications, and many others.
The book collects the lectures and the status reports delivered
during the "Eighth International Conference on Photochemical
Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy," IPS-8, held in Palermo
(Italy) from 15th to 20th of July 1990. As usual, the main theme of
the Conference was that of making the point about the trends and
the developments of the studies related to the photochemical
exploitation of solar energy and also to report the main lines of
potential applications. Therefore the contributions reflect this
point; they vary from those reporting basic and fundamental
theories to those reporting cases of possible applications. For the
sake of following the logical line which links each other the
various contributions, we report the six areas in which the main
theme of the conference was devided: (a) Electron and energy
transfer in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems; (b)
Photosynthesis: organized assemblies and biomimetic systems; (c)
Photoelectrochemistry; (d) Photocatalysis: homogeneous and
heterogeneous regime; (e) Environment: photochemical and
photocatalytic processes; (f) Solar energy materials and
photochemical engineering. It remains now to thank persons and
institutions which made possible the organization of the
Conference. The persons to thank are all the members of the
International and National Organizing Committees and in particular
Prof. A.Sclafani and Dr. L.Palmisano whose efforts were essential
for the success of the Conference.
Ever since the oil crisis of 1973, researchers in various fields of
chemistry have proposed various schemes to conserve energy, as well
to convert the sun's abundant and limitless supply of energy to
produce chemical fuels (e. g. , hydrogen from water, . *. ). The
enthusiasm had no previous parallel in the mid-1970's.
Unfortunately, despite the several good proposals, the results have
proven - in retrospect - somewhat disappointing from an economic
viable point of view. The reasons for the meagre results are
manyfold not the least of which are the experimental difficulties
encountered in storage systems. Moreover, the lack of a concerted,
well orchestrated interdisciplinary approach has been significant.
By contrast, the chemical advances made in the understanding of the
processes involved in such schemes have been phenomenal. A recent
book on this issue ( M. Gratzel, Energy Resources through
Photochemistry and Catalysis, 1983) is witness to the various
efforts and approaches taken by researchers. In the recent years,
many more groups have joined in these efforts, and the number of
papers in the lit~rature is staggering ! One of the motives for
organizing this NATO Advanced Research Workshop stemmed from our
view that it was time to take stock of the accomplishments and
rather than propose new schemes, it was time to consider seriously
avenues that are most promising.
This book introduces the general principles of reaction equilibria
and kinetics involved in marine geochemical cycles. The major
electrolytes dramatically affect the rates and equilibria of the
chemical reactions in the sea. In order to understand these
interactions, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the
major, minor and trace chemical components. This volume is also
focused on the development and applications of analytical
techniques for accurate determination and speciation in seawater,
and on the effect of pollution on the marine environment, since
small quantities of other elements may have a significant influence
on global chemical cycling. Audience: This book is of value for
marine chemists, biogeochemists, ecologists, oceanographers,
environmental engineers and analytical chemists.
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