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ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY helps
biologists, physiologists, and biochemists keep track of the
extensive literature in thefield. Providing comprehensive,
integrated reviews and sound, critical, and provocative summaries,
this series is a must for all active researchers in environmental
and comparative physiology. The present volume contains six reviews
on: - Motile Activities of Fish Chromatophores. - Epithelial
Transport of Heavy Metals. - Heavy Metal Cytotoxicity in Marine
Organisms. - Comparative Pulmonary Morphology and Morphometry. -
Molecular Adaptations in Resistance to Penicillins. - Molecular
Adaptations of Enzymes From Thermophilic and Psychrophilic
Organisms.
The toxic properties of cadmium compounds have been well recognized
in many species. There is little evidence to suggest a physiologic
role for the metal. Rather, because of its long biologic half-life,
cadmium acts as a cumulative poison, and even at quite low ambient
concentrations, it can accumulate in mammals to values not
insignificant in terms of critical toxic levels. The problem of
cadmium toxicity has become especially important, as cadmium
concentrations in the environment have begun to rise owing to a
variety of human activities such as mining, the metallurgical
industry, coal combustion, and the use of cadmium-containing
fertilizers. It seemed appropriate, therefore, to assemble in one
volume an up-to-date analysis of the mechanism of action of cadmium
on biologic systems. Aspects of this field have repeatedly been
reviewed in the past, and particular reference must be made to the
volumes prepared by FRIBERG and collaborators from Sweden. Much
outstanding work on cadmium has also been reported from Japan, and
I am happy that investigators from both countries were able to
contribute to the present volume. Obviously, this volume does not
report a consensus by its contributors. The purpose of the work was
to permit leading investigators in the field to present a critical
review with sufficient documentation to support their
interpretations and conclusions. A certain amount of overlap and
disagreement between chapters was therefore unavoidable. The
result, I hope, will be a useful state-of-the-art discussion.
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