The study of science, sometimes referred to as metascience, is a new and growing field that includes the philosophy of science, history of science, sociology of science, and anthropology of science. In the last ten years, the formal study of the psychology of science has also emerged. The psychology of science focuses on the individual scientist, influenced by intelligence, motivation, personality, and the development of scientific interest, thought, ability, and achievement over a lifespan.
Science can be defined as explicitly and systematically testing hypotheses. Defined more broadly, science includes wider processes, such as theory construction and the hypothesis testing seen in children and "non-scientific" adults. Most prior work in the study of science has emphasized the role of explicit reasoning; however, contemporary research in psychology emphasizes the importance of implicit processes in decision-making and choice and assumes that the performance of many tasks involves a complex relationship between implicit and explicit processes.
Psychology of Science brings together contributions from leaders in the emerging discipline of the psychology of science with other experts on the roles of implicit and explicit processes in thinking. Highlighting the role of implicit processes in the creation of scientific knowledge, this volume links the psychology of science to many strands of psychology, including cognitive, social, and developmental psychology, as well as neuroscience. Ultimately, this volume raises awareness of the psychology of science among psychologists, philosophers, and sociologists of science, and anyone interested in the metasciences.

"Contextualism, in my view, will be the major theoretical issue in psychology (as well as in the social sciences generally) in the first quarter of the next century. The authors have written the best general account of the issues at stake, and it is my guess that this will be the most important and perhaps the best-selling item in your list for some years. I say this even though I am one of those dreadful contextualist excoriated by the authors." --James E. Deese, University of Virginia "I admit I was a bit reluctant to tackle this one having looked at a lot of the subject in two tries at a Philosophy of Psychology course. I was pleased way beyond my expectations, and I am thoroughly envious of what 'they' have done. It is a wonderful book and should be on the 'must read' list of all psychologists, especially those new to or just entering psychology." --David C. Edwards, Iowa State University "It is written in a remarkably lucid and articulate manner, particularly considering the abstract, erudite, indeed even esoteric and abstruse topic to which it is addressed." --Michael Wertheimer, University of Colorado, Boulder "This book will give you the grounds for comparing and evaluating the claims of the several alternative 'postmodern' psychologies that have appeared in recent years. It will show you their varieties, their grounds for disagreement with mainstream psychology, and the adequacy of their claims and complaints. Along the way it will instruct you in some modern perspectives on what makes up an adequate philosophy of science." --David C. Edwards, Iowa State University Contextualism is a major growing movement that sees itself in opposition to the currently dominant approach in psychology, which it characterizes as mechanism. Contextualism is a variety of pragmatism that endorses radical empiricism and is closely related to a variety of other relativistic movements, such as social constructionism. This book identifies two distinct contextualist camps and asks whether either form of contextualism provides a satisfactory basis for the conduct of empirical and theoretical psychology. The two varieties of contextualism are contrasted with the authors' own conception of the philosophy of science, which is freely adopted from Larry Laudan. This conception provides a much more up-to-date and better basis than contextualism for the conduct of research and theory in psychology. The book describes methodological changes in contextualism that will have to occur if its impact on psychology is to increase.

"Contextualism, in my view, will be the major theoretical issue in psychology (as well as in the social sciences generally) in the first quarter of the next century. The authors have written the best general account of the issues at stake, and it is my guess that this will be the most important and perhaps the best-selling item in your list for some years. I say this even though I am one of those dreadful contextualist excoriated by the authors." --James E. Deese, University of Virginia "I admit I was a bit reluctant to tackle this one having looked at a lot of the subject in two tries at a Philosophy of Psychology course. I was pleased way beyond my expectations, and I am thoroughly envious of what 'they' have done. It is a wonderful book and should be on the 'must read' list of all psychologists, especially those new to or just entering psychology." --David C. Edwards, Iowa State University "It is written in a remarkably lucid and articulate manner, particularly considering the abstract, erudite, indeed even esoteric and abstruse topic to which it is addressed." --Michael Wertheimer, University of Colorado, Boulder "This book will give you the grounds for comparing and evaluating the claims of the several alternative 'postmodern' psychologies that have appeared in recent years. It will show you their varieties, their grounds for disagreement with mainstream psychology, and the adequacy of their claims and complaints. Along the way it will instruct you in some modern perspectives on what makes up an adequate philosophy of science." --David C. Edwards, Iowa State University Contextualism is a major growing movement that sees itself in opposition to the currently dominant approach in psychology, which it characterizes as mechanism. Contextualism is a variety of pragmatism that endorses radical empiricism and is closely related to a variety of other relativistic movements, such as social constructionism. This book identifies two distinct contextualist camps and asks whether either form of contextualism provides a satisfactory basis for the conduct of empirical and theoretical psychology. The two varieties of contextualism are contrasted with the authors' own conception of the philosophy of science, which is freely adopted from Larry Laudan. This conception provides a much more up-to-date and better basis than contextualism for the conduct of research and theory in psychology. The book describes methodological changes in contextualism that will have to occur if its impact on psychology is to increase.