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Lexicography, together with grammatical studies and textual
criticism, forms the basis of biblical exegesis. Recent decades
have seen much progress in this field, yet increasing
specialization also tends to have the paradoxical effect of turning
exegesis into an independent discipline, while leaving lexicography
to the experts. The present volume seeks to renew and intensify the
exchange between the study of words and the study of texts. This is
done in reference to both the Hebrew source text and the earliest
Greek translation, the Septuagint. Questions addressed in the
contributions to this volume are how linguistic meaning is
effected, how it relates to words, and how words may be translated
into another language, in Antiquity and today. Etymology, semantic
fields, syntagmatic relations, word history, neologisms and other
subthemes are discussed. The main current and prospective projects
of biblical lexicology or lexicography are presented, thus giving
an idea of the state of the art. Some of the papers also open up
wider perspectives of interpretation.
As the ancient Greek version of the Old Testament the Septuagint is
probably the first great translation project of Greco-Roman
antiquity. Together with the Septuagint text the religion and
culture of ancient Judaism came to the fore of a Greek speaking
audience, which did not have any access to the holy scriptures of
the Jews in Hebrew. That translation project also manifested a
transfer of religious, social, and anthropological categories and
concepts of Semitic origin to another cultural world of language
and science that itself was shaped by Hellenism.Over the last years
the Septuagint has gradually edged closer into the interest of
Biblical scholars and into the centre of historical and
philological research. In the course of this main attention has not
only been paid to further particulars of its origination in
Alexandria but also on various linguistic specifics and distinctive
features with regards to content of the Greek Bible. The question,
however, which has hardly been studied so far, is to what extent
the Greek translation of the Bible consists of stylistic and
rhetorical elements that are not present in the Hebrew source text.
Did the translators made use of their rhetoric and stylistic skills
to give their translations a distinctive ornatus? Can we, according
to Augustine, rightly claim that not only the authors of the
Biblical texts but also the translators knew to formulate et
eloquenter et sapienter, i.e. in an eloquent and wise manner? This
issue, neglected in current research, is taken up in this collected
volume. Seven scholars investigate into stylistic and rhetorical
elements present in various books of the Bible (e.g., Psalms, Amos,
and Solomon's Book of Wisdom) and establish a field of work that
deserves to receive more attention in the future.Contributors are
Eberhard Bons, Jennifer M. Dines, Katrin Hauspie, Jan Joosten,
Thomas J. Kraus, A. LA (c)onas, and K. Usener.
The focus of the contributions are models of constructions of
individual, personal and collective identity in the ancient Orient,
in Roman antiquity, in early Judaism and in early Christianity.
These contributions are intended to supplement the work published
in the first volume (BThSt 161: "Constructions of individual and
collective identity I"). It becomes clear that the individual
constructions of identity are not only shaped by religious and
cultural requirements, but also by specific interests of those
behind the texts Authors are intended. This explains central
differences: for example, in how much individuality is granted to
the individual as a member of a community or what role "strangers"
are allowed to play in a society and how people outside a community
are rated.
This volume discusses problems related to the vocabulary of the
Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. The
background of the words in Greek literature, their use in the
translation, and their later reception in Jewish and Christian
writings, including the New Testament, are studied on the basis of
concrete examples. The discussion shows how religion and theology
can affect the meaning and usage of words and how, conversely, the
use of specific words can have an impact on the understanding and
interpretation of Scripture.
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