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Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Why did Aeschylus characterize differently from Sophocles? Why did
Sophocles introduce the third actor? Why did Euripides not make
better plots? So asks H.D.F Kitto in his acclaimed study of Greek
tragedy, available for the first time in Routledge Classics. Kitto
argues that in spite of dealing with big moral and intellectual
questions, the Greek dramatist is above all an artist and the key
to understanding classical Greek drama is to try and understand the
tragic conception of each play. In Kitto's words 'We shall ask what
the dramatist is striving to say, not what in fact he does say
about this or that.' Through a brilliant analysis of Aeschylus's
'Oresteia', the plays of Sophocles including 'Antigone' and
'Oedipus Tyrannus'; and Euripides's 'Medea' and 'Hecuba', Kitto
skilfully conveys the enduring artistic and literary brilliance of
the Greek dramatists.
The ancient Greeks invented democracy, theater, rational science,
and philosophy. They built the Parthenon and the Library of
Alexandria. Yet this accomplished people never formed a single
unified social or political identity. In Introducing the Ancient
Greeks, acclaimed classics scholar Edith Hall offers a bold
synthesis of the full 2,000 years of Hellenic history to show how
the ancient Greeks were the right people, at the right time, to
take up the baton of human progress. Hall portrays a uniquely
rebellious, inquisitive, individualistic people whose ideas and
creations continue to enthrall thinkers centuries after the Greek
world was conquered by Rome. These are the Greeks as you've never
seen them before.
This book traces the international performance history of
Aristophanic comedy, and its implication in aesthetic and political
controversies, from 421 BC to AD 2007. It includes Brechtian
experiments in East Berlin, and musical theatre from Gilbert and
Sullivan to Stephen Sondheim.
A People's History of Classics explores the influence of the
classical past on the lives of working-class people, whose voices
have been almost completely excluded from previous histories of
classical scholarship and pedagogy, in Britain and Ireland from the
late 17th to the early 20th century. This volume challenges the
prevailing scholarly and public assumption that the intimate link
between the exclusive intellectual culture of British elites and
the study of the ancient Greeks and Romans and their languages
meant that working-class culture was a 'Classics-Free Zone'. Making
use of diverse sources of information, both published and
unpublished, in archives, museums and libraries across the United
Kingdom and Ireland, Hall and Stead examine the working-class
experience of classical culture from the Bill of Rights in 1689 to
the outbreak of World War II. They analyse a huge volume of data,
from individuals, groups, regions and activities, in a huge range
of sources including memoirs, autobiographies, Trade Union
collections, poetry, factory archives, artefacts and documents in
regional museums. This allows a deeper understanding not only of
the many examples of interaction with the Classics, but also what
these cultural interactions signified to the working poor: from the
promise of social advancement, to propaganda exploited by the
elites, to covert and overt class war. A People's History of
Classics offers a fascinating and insightful exploration of the
many and varied engagements with Greece and Rome among the working
classes in Britain and Ireland, and is a must-read not only for
classicists, but also for students of British and Irish social,
intellectual and political history in this period. Further, it
brings new historical depth and perspectives to public debates
around the future of classical education, and should be read by
anyone with an interest in educational policy in Britain today.
The extensive performance history of Euripides' Medea since the
Renaissance underscores its lasting social and political relevance.
Here, papers drawn from an interdisciplinary colloquium hosted at
Somerville College by the University of Oxford's Archive of
Performances of Greek and Roman Drama in August 1998 are augmented
by additional essays from specialists. The contributors to this
important volume include Ian Christie, David Gowne, Edith Hall,
Fiona Macintosh, Platon Mavromoustakos, Marianne McDonald, Diane
Purkiss, Margaret Reynolds, Mae Smethurst, Eva Stehlikova, Oliver
Taplin, and Olga Taxidou. (Legenda 2000)
Flying to Heaven to demand an end to war, building Cloudcuckooland
in the sky, descending to Hades to retrieve a dead tragedian such
were the cosmic missions on which Aristophanes, the father of
comedy, sent his heroes of the classical Athenian stage. The wit,
intellectual bravura, political clout and sheer imaginative power
of Aristophanes' quest dramas have profoundly influenced humorous
literature and satire, but this volume, which originated at an
international conference held at the Archive of Performances of
Greek and Roman Drama at Oxford University in 2004, is the first
interdisciplinary study of their seminal contribution to the
evolution of comic performance. Interdisciplinary essays by
specialists in Classics, Theatre, and Modern Literatures trace the
international performance history of Aristophanic comedy, and its
implication in aesthetic and political controversies, from
antiquity to the twenty-first century. The story encompasses
Jonson's satire, Cromwell's Ireland, German classicism, British
Imperial India, censorship scandals in France, Greece and South
Africa, Brechtian experiments in East Berlin, and musical theatre
from Gilbert and Sullivan to Stephen Sondheim.
In this richly varied selection of Tony Harrison's provocative
prose of the last fifty years, the great poet of page, stage and
screen presents a lifetime's thinking about art and politics,
creativity and mortality. In so doing, he takes us on an
extraordinary journey through languages and across continents and
millennia, from his Nigerian Lysistrata to the British Raj of his
version of Racine's Phedre, to post-Communist Europe for the film
Prometheus to a one-off performance of The Kaisers of Carnuntum at
the Roman amphitheatre between Vienna and Bratislava, tothe peace
camp at Greenham Common, and from a Leeds street bonfire
celebrating the defeat of Japan by the new atomic bomb to wines
made from the vines on volcanoes. A collection of work filled with
passion and humour that educates as it dazzles. 'Slangy, rooted,
erudite, rhythmic, Harrison is a titan among poets; a unique
Yorkshire brew of Auden, Byron, Brecht and Kipling, with a slug of
Roman satire.' Independent
Love and loyalty, hatred and revenge, fear, deprivation, and
political ambition: these are the motives which thrust the
characters portrayed in these three Sophoclean masterpieces on to
their collision course with catastrophe. Recognized in his own day
as perhaps the greatest of the Greek tragedians, Sophocles'
reputation has remained undimmed for two and a half thousand years.
His greatest innovation in the tragic medium was his development of
a central tragic figure, faced with a test of will and character,
risking obloquy and death rather than compromise his or her
principles: it is striking that Antigone and Electra both have a
woman as their intransigent 'hero'. Antigone dies rather neglect
her duty to her family, Oedipus' determination to save his city
results in the horrific discovery that he has committed both incest
and parricide, and Electra's unremitting anger at her mother and
her lover keeps her in servitude and despair. These vivid
translations combine elegance and modernity, and are remarkable for
their lucidity and accuracy. Their sonorous diction, economy, and
sensitivity to the varied metres and modes of the original musical
delivery make them equally suitable for reading or theatrical
peformance. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's
Classics has made available the widest range of literature from
around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's
commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a
wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions
by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text,
up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
From renowned classicist Edith Hall, ARISTOTLE'S WAY is an
examination of one of history's greatest philosophers, showing us
how to lead happy, fulfilled, and meaningful lives Aristotle was
the first philosopher to inquire into subjective happiness, and he
understood its essence better and more clearly than anyone since.
According to Aristotle, happiness is not about well-being, but
instead a lasting state of contentment, which should be the
ultimate goal of human life. We become happy through finding a
purpose, realizing our potential, and modifying our behavior to
become the best version of ourselves. With these objectives in
mind, Aristotle developed a humane program for becoming a happy
person, which has stood the test of time, comprising much of what
today we associate with the good life: meaning, creativity, and
positivity. Most importantly, Aristotle understood happiness as
available to the vast majority us, but only, crucially, if we
decide to apply ourselves to its creation--and he led by example.
As Hall writes, "If you believe that the goal of human life is to
maximize happiness, then you are a budding Aristotelian." In expert
yet vibrant modern language, Hall lays out the crux of Aristotle's
thinking, mixing affecting autobiographical anecdotes with a deep
wealth of classical learning. For Hall, whose own life has been
greatly improved by her understanding of Aristotle, this is an
intensely personal subject. She distills his ancient wisdom into
ten practical and universal lessons to help us confront life's
difficult and crucial moments, summarizing a lifetime of the most
rarefied and brilliant scholarship.
'Wonderful and timely ... Hugely recommended' STEPHEN FRY What do
you and an ancient philosopher have in common? It turns out much
more than you might think... Aristotle was an extraordinary thinker
yet he was preoccupied by an ordinary question: how to be happy. In
this handbook to his timeless teachings, Professor Edith Hall shows
how ancient thinking is precisely what we need today, even if you
don't know your Odyssey from your Iliad. In ten practical lessons
you can learn how to make good decisions, how to ace an interview,
how to choose a partner and how to face death. This is advice that
won't go out of fashion. 'A beguiling cross between Mary Beard and
Mary Poppins' Observer
A People's History of Classics explores the influence of the
classical past on the lives of working-class people, whose voices
have been almost completely excluded from previous histories of
classical scholarship and pedagogy, in Britain and Ireland from the
late 17th to the early 20th century. This volume challenges the
prevailing scholarly and public assumption that the intimate link
between the exclusive intellectual culture of British elites and
the study of the ancient Greeks and Romans and their languages
meant that working-class culture was a 'Classics-Free Zone'. Making
use of diverse sources of information, both published and
unpublished, in archives, museums and libraries across the United
Kingdom and Ireland, Hall and Stead examine the working-class
experience of classical culture from the Bill of Rights in 1689 to
the outbreak of World War II. They analyse a huge volume of data,
from individuals, groups, regions and activities, in a huge range
of sources including memoirs, autobiographies, Trade Union
collections, poetry, factory archives, artefacts and documents in
regional museums. This allows a deeper understanding not only of
the many examples of interaction with the Classics, but also what
these cultural interactions signified to the working poor: from the
promise of social advancement, to propaganda exploited by the
elites, to covert and overt class war. A People's History of
Classics offers a fascinating and insightful exploration of the
many and varied engagements with Greece and Rome among the working
classes in Britain and Ireland, and is a must-read not only for
classicists, but also for students of British and Irish social,
intellectual and political history in this period. Further, it
brings new historical depth and perspectives to public debates
around the future of classical education, and should be read by
anyone with an interest in educational policy in Britain today.
'Two things give Kitto's classic book its enduring freshness: he
pioneered the approach to Greek drama through internal artistry and
thematic form, and he always wrote in lively and readable English.'
- Oliver Taplin, University of Oxford, UK
Why did Aeschylus characterize differently from Sophocles? Why
did Sophocles introduce the third actor? Why did Euripides not make
better plots? So asks H.D.F Kitto in his acclaimed study of Greek
tragedy, available for the first time in Routledge Classics.
Kitto argues that in spite of dealing with big moral and
intellectual questions, the Greek dramatist is above all an artist
and the key to understanding classical Greek drama is to try and
understand the tragic conception of each play. In Kitto's words 'We
shall ask what the dramatist is striving to say, not what in fact
he does say about this or that.' Through a brilliant analysis of
Aeschylus's 'Oresteia', the plays of Sophocles including 'Antigone'
and 'Oedipus Tyrannus'; and Euripides's 'Medea' and 'Hecuba', Kitto
skilfully conveys the enduring artistic and literary brilliance of
the Greek dramatists.
H.D.F Kitto (1897 - 1982) was a renowned British classical
scholar. He lectured at the University of Glasgow from 1920-1944
before becoming Professor of Greek at Bristol University, where he
taught until 1962.
Iphigenia among the Taurians Bacchae Iphigenia at Aulis Rhesus The
four plays newly translated in this volume are among Euripides'
most exciting works. Iphigenia among the Taurians is a story of
escape and contrasting Greek and barbarian civilization, set on the
Black Sea at the edge of the known world. Bacchae, a profound
exploration of the human psyche, deals with the appalling
consequences of resistance to Dionysus, god of wine and unfettered
emotion. This tragedy, which above all others speaks to our
post-Freudian era, is one of Euripides' two last surviving plays.
The second, Iphigenia at Aulis, centres on the ultimate
dysfunctional family as natural emotion is tested in the tragic
crucible of the Greek expedition against Troy. Lastly, Rhesus,
probably the work of another playwright, is a thrilling,
action-packed Iliad in miniature, dealing with a grisly event in
the Trojan War. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's
Classics has made available the widest range of literature from
around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's
commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a
wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions
by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text,
up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
They gave us democracy, philosophy, poetry, rational science, the
joke. They built the Parthenon and the Library of Alexandria. They
wrote the timeless myths of Odysseus and Oedipus, and the histories
of Leonidas's three hundred Spartans and Alexander the Great. But
who were the ancient Greeks? And what was it that enabled them to
achieve so much? Here, Edith Hall gives us a revelatory way of
viewing this geographically scattered people, visiting different
communities at various key moments during twenty centuries of
ancient history. Identifying ten unique traits central to the
widespread ancient Greeks, Hall unveils a civilization of
incomparable richness and a people of astounding complexity - and
explains how they made us who we are today. 'A thoroughly readable
and illuminating account of this fascinating people... This
excellent book makes us admire and like the ancient Greeks equally'
Independent 'A worthy and lively introduction to one of the two
groups of ancient peoples who really formed the western world'
Sunday Times 'Throughout, Hall exemplifies her subjects' spirit of
inquiry, their originality and their open-mindedness' Daily
Telegraph 'A book that is both erudite and splendidly entertaining'
Financial Times
This volume of Euripides' plays offers new translations of the
three great war plays Trojan Women, Hecuba, and Andromache, in
which the sufferings of Troy's survivors are harrowingly depicted.
With unparalleled intensity, Euripides--whom Aristotle called the
most tragic of poets--describes the horrific brutality that both
women and children undergo during war. Yet, in the war's aftermath,
this brutality is challenged and a new battleground is revealed
where the women of Troy evince an overwhelming greatness of
spirit.
We weep for the aged Hecuba in her name play and in Trojan Women,
while at the same time we admire her resilience amid unrelieved
suffering. Andromache, the slave-concubine of her husband's killer,
endures her existence in the victor's country with a stoic
nobility. Of their time yet timeless, these plays insist on the
victory of the female spirit amid the horrors visited on them by
the gods and men during war.
About the Series: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has
made available the broadest spectrum of literature from around the
globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to
scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of
other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading
authorities, voluminous notes to clarify the text, up-to-date
bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Ancient Greek Myth in World Fiction since 1989 explores the diverse
ways that contemporary world fiction has engaged with ancient Greek
myth. Whether as a framing device, or a filter, or via resonances
and parallels, Greek myth has proven fruitful for many writers of
fiction since the end of the Cold War. This volume examines the
varied ways that writers from around the world have turned to
classical antiquity to articulate their own contemporary concerns.
Featuring contributions by an international group of scholars from
a number of disciplines, the volume offers a cutting-edge,
interdisciplinary approach to contemporary literature from around
the world. Analysing a range of significant authors and works, not
usually brought together in one place, the book introduces readers
to some less-familiar fiction, while demonstrating the central
place that classical literature can claim in the global literary
curriculum of the third millennium. The modern fiction covered is
as varied as the acclaimed North American television series The
Wire, contemporary Arab fiction, the Japanese novels of Haruki
Murakami and the works of New Zealand's foremost Maori writer, Witi
Ihimaera.
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