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Human computation is a new and evolving research area that centers
around harnessing human intelligence to solve computational
problems that are beyond the scope of existing Artificial
Intelligence (AI) algorithms. With the growth of the Web, human
computation systems can now leverage the abilities of an
unprecedented number of people via the Web to perform complex
computation. There are various genres of human computation
applications that exist today. Games with a purpose (e.g., the ESP
Game) specifically target online gamers who generate useful data
(e.g., image tags) while playing an enjoyable game. Crowdsourcing
marketplaces (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk) are human computation
systems that coordinate workers to perform tasks in exchange for
monetary rewards. In identity verification tasks, users perform
computation in order to gain access to some online content; an
example is reCAPTCHA, which leverages millions of users who solve
CAPTCHAs every day to correct words in books that optical character
recognition (OCR) programs fail to recognize with certainty. This
book is aimed at achieving four goals: (1) defining human
computation as a research area; (2) providing a comprehensive
review of existing work; (3) drawing connections to a wide variety
of disciplines, including AI, Machine Learning, HCI,
Mechanism/Market Design and Psychology, and capturing their unique
perspectives on the core research questions in human computation;
and (4) suggesting promising research directions for the future.
Table of Contents: Introduction / Human Computation Algorithms /
Aggregating Outputs / Task Routing / Understanding Workers and
Requesters / The Art of Asking Questions / The Future of Human
Computation
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