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Clientelism is a prominent feature of many of the world's
democracies and electoral authoritarian regimes. Yet the
comparative study of this practice, which involves exchanging
personal favours for electoral support, remains strikingly
underdeveloped. This book makes the case that clientelistic
politics take different forms in different countries, and that this
variation matters for understanding democracy, elections, and
governance. Involving collaboration by experienced observers of
politics in several countries - Mexico, Ghana, Sudan to Turkey,
Indonesia, the Philippines, Caribbean and Pacific Island states,
and Malaysia - the chapters in this volume unpack the concept of
clientelism and show that it is possible to identify different
types of patronage democracies. The book proposes a comparative
framework that focuses on the networks that politicians use, the
type of resources they hand out, their degree of control over the
distribution of state resources, and shows that the comparative
study of a key informal dimension of politics offers much
analytical promise for scholars of democracy and governance.
Varieties of Clientelism is essential reading for scholars and
students interested in clientelism, patronage democracies,
comparative political economy, as well as party politics. The
chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue
of Democratization.
Since the publication of the 2005 Human Security Report, scholars
and policy-makers have debated the causes, interpretation and
implications of what the report described as a global decline in
armed conflict since the end of the Cold War. Focusing on the
Asia-Pacific region, this book analyses the causes and patterns of
this decline. In few regions has the apparent decline in conflict
been as dramatic as in the Asia-Pacific, with annual recorded
battle deaths falling in the range of 50 to 75 percent between 1994
and 2004. Drawing on a wide range of case studies, this book looks
at internal conflicts based on the mobilization of ethnic and
nationalist grievances, which have been the most costly in human
lives over the last decade. The book identifies structures, norms,
practices and techniques that have either fuelled or moderated
conflicts. As such, it is an essential read for students and
scholars of international relations, peace and conflict studies and
Asian studies.
Rooted in the latest theoretical debates about nationalism and
ethnicity, yet written in an accessible and engaging style, "Islam
and Nation" presents a fascinating study of the genesis, growth and
decline of a nationalist movement.
Drawing on hundreds of interviews with nationalist leaders,
activists and guerillas, Aspinall reveals how the Free Aceh
Movement went from being a quixotic fantasy to a guerilla army in
the space of a generation, leading to a bitter conflict in which
thousands perished. And by exploring the complex relationship
between Islam and nationalism, Aspinall also explains how a society
famed for its Islamic piety gave rise to a guerilla movement that
ended up rejecting the Islamic goals of its forebears.
"Islam and Nation" is a tour de force in the study of nationalist
politics. It will be of great interest to readers concerned about
Southeast Asia, Islamic politics, ethnic conflict and nationalism
everywhere.
Opposing Suharto presents an account of democratization in the
world's fourth most populous country, Indonesia. It describes how
opposition groups challenged the long-time ruler, President
Suharto, and his military-based regime, forcing him to resign in
1998. The book's main purpose is to explain how ordinary people can
bring about political change in a repressive authoritarian regime.
It does this by telling the story of an array of dissident groups,
nongovernmental organizations, student activists, and political
party workers as they tried to expand democratic space in the last
decade of Suharto's rule. This book is an important study not only
for readers interested in contemporary Indonesia and political
change in Asia, but also for all those interested in
democratization processes elsewhere in the world. Unlike most other
books on Indonesia, and unlike many books on democratization, it
provides an account from the perspective of those who were
struggling to bring about change.
Opposing Suharto presents an account of democratization in the
world's fourth most populous country, Indonesia. It describes how
opposition groups challenged the long-time ruler, President
Suharto, and his military-based regime, forcing him to resign in
1998. The book's main purpose is to explain how ordinary people can
bring about political change in a repressive authoritarian regime.
It does this by telling the story of an array of dissident groups,
nongovernmental organizations, student activists, and political
party workers as they tried to expand democratic space in the last
decade of Suharto's rule. This book is an important study not only
for readers interested in contemporary Indonesia and political
change in Asia, but also for all those interested in
democratization processes elsewhere in the world. Unlike most other
books on Indonesia, and unlike many books on democratization, it
provides an account from the perspective of those who were
struggling to bring about change.
Since the publication of the 2005 Human Security Report, scholars
and policy-makers have debated the causes, interpretation and
implications of what the report described as a global decline in
armed conflict since the end of the Cold War. The Human Security
Project argues that 'the world is becoming less war-prone. In few
regions has the apparent decline in conflict been as dramatic as in
the Asia-Pacific, with annual recorded battle deaths falling in the
range of 50 to 75 percent between 1994 and 2004. Drawing on such a
wide range of case studies, this volume analyses the causes and
patterns of this decline in armed conflict by focusing on that
sub-set of conflicts that in the Asia-Pacific have been most costly
in human lives over the last decade: internal conflicts based on
the mobilization of ethnic and nationalist grievances. Diminishing
Conflicts in Asia and the Pacific identifies structures, norms,
practices and techniques that have either fuelled or moderated
conflicts. As such, it is an essential read for students and
scholars of international relations, peace and conflict studies and
Asian studies.
Rooted in the latest theoretical debates about nationalism and
ethnicity, yet written in an accessible and engaging style, "Islam
and Nation" presents a fascinating study of the genesis, growth and
decline of a nationalist movement.
Drawing on hundreds of interviews with nationalist leaders,
activists and guerillas, Aspinall reveals how the Free Aceh
Movement went from being a quixotic fantasy to a guerilla army in
the space of a generation, leading to a bitter conflict in which
thousands perished. And by exploring the complex relationship
between Islam and nationalism, Aspinall also explains how a society
famed for its Islamic piety gave rise to a guerilla movement that
ended up rejecting the Islamic goals of its forebears.
"Islam and Nation" is a tour de force in the study of nationalist
politics. It will be of great interest to readers concerned about
Southeast Asia, Islamic politics, ethnic conflict and nationalism
everywhere.
Democracy for Sale is an on-the-ground account of Indonesian
democracy, analyzing its election campaigns and behind-the-scenes
machinations. Edward Aspinall and Ward Berenschot assess the
informal networks and political strategies that shape access to
power and privilege in the messy political environment of
contemporary Indonesia. In post-Suharto Indonesian politics the
exchange of patronage for political support is commonplace.
Clientelism, argue the authors, saturates the political system, and
in Democracy for Sale they reveal the everyday practices of vote
buying, influence peddling, manipulating government programs, and
skimming money from government projects. In doing so, Aspinall and
Berenschot advance three major arguments. The first argument points
toward the role of religion, kinship, and other identities in
Indonesian clientelism. The second explains how and why Indonesia's
distinctive system of free-wheeling clientelism came into being.
And the third argument addresses variation in the patterns and
intensity of clientelism. Through these arguments and with
comparative leverage from political practices in India and
Argentina, Democracy for Sale provides compelling evidence of the
importance of informal networks and relationships rather than
formal parties and institutions in contemporary Indonesia.
The presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (2004-14) was a
watershed in Indonesia's modern democratic history. Yudhoyono was
not only the first Indonesian president to be directly elected, but
also the first to be democratically re-elected. Coming to office
after years of turbulent transition, he presided over a decade of
remarkable political stability and steady economic growth. But
other aspects of his rule have been the subject of controversy.
While supporters view his presidency as a period of democratic
consolidation and success, critics view it as a decade of
stagnation and missed opportunities. This book is the first
comprehensive attempt to evaluate both the achievements and the
shortcomings of the Yudhoyono presidency. With contributions from
leading experts on Indonesia's politics, economy and society, it
assesses the Yudhoyono record in fields ranging from economic
development and human rights, to foreign policy, the environment
and the security sector.
Illustrators Include E. G. Perman, A. C. Parkinson, Louis Tucker,
E. Wells Elliott, J. O. Sands And Others.
Alternately lauded as a democratic success story and decried as a
flawed democracy, Indonesia deserves serious consideration by
anyone concerned with the global state of democracy. Yet, more than
ten years after the collapse of the authoritarian Suharto regime,
we still know little about how the key institutions of Indonesian
democracy actually function. This book, written by leading
democracy experts and scholars of Indonesia, presents a sorely
needed study of the inner workings of Indonesia's political system,
and its interactions with society. Combining careful case studies
with an eye to the big picture, it is an indispensable guide to
democratic Indonesia, its achievements, shortcomings and continuing
challenges.
This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger
Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain
imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed
pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we
have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting,
preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger
Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and
hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!
Since World War II, students in East and Southeast Asia have led
protest movements that toppled authoritarian regimes in countries
such as Indonesia, South Korea, and Thailand. Elsewhere in the
region, student protests have shaken regimes until they were
brutally suppressed-most famously in China's Tiananmen Square and
in Burma. But despite their significance, these movements have
received only a fraction of the notice that has been given to
American and European student protests of the 1960s and 1970s. The
first book in decades to redress this neglect, Student Activism in
Asia tells the story of student protest movements across Asia.
Taking an interdisciplinary, comparative approach, the contributors
examine ten countries, focusing on those where student protests
have been particularly fierce and consequential: China, Japan, Hong
Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Indonesia, Burma, Malaysia, Thailand,
and the Philippines. They explore similarities and differences
among student movements in these countries, paying special
attention to the influence of four factors: higher education
systems, students' collective identities, students' relationships
with ruling regimes, and transnational flows of activist ideas and
inspirations. The authors include leading specialists on student
activism in each of the countries investigated. Together, these
experts provide a rich picture of an important tradition of
political protest that has ebbed and flowed but has left indelible
marks on Asia's sociopolitical landscape. Contributors: Patricio N.
Abinales, U of Hawaii, Manoa; Prajak Kongkirati, Thammasat U,
Thailand; Win Min, Vahu Development Institute; Stephan Ortmann,
City U of Hong Kong; Mi Park, Dalhousie U, Canada; Patricia G.
Steinhoff, U of Hawaii, Manoa; Mark R. Thompson, City U of Hong
Kong; Teresa Wright, California State U, Long Beach.
Politicians in Southeast Asia, as in many other regions, win
elections by distributing cash, goods, jobs, projects, and other
benefits to supporters, but the ways in which they do this vary
tremendously, both across and within countries. Mobilizing for
Elections presents a new framework for analyzing variation in
patronage democracies, focusing on distinct forms of patronage and
different networks through which it is distributed. The book draws
on an extensive, multi-country, multi-year research effort
involving interactions with hundreds of politicians and vote
brokers, as well as surveys of voters and political campaigners
across the region. Chapters explore how local machines in the
Philippines, ad hoc election teams in Indonesia, and political
parties in Malaysia pursue distinctive clusters of strategies of
patronage distribution - what the authors term electoral
mobilization regimes. In doing so, the book shows how and why
patronage politics varies, and how it works on the ground.
This new text provides a systematic analysis of grassroots level
electioneering in the Philippines, using data gathered in the
context of the 2016 elections, and combining in-depth ethnographic
fieldwork with a national comparative scope. The chapters in this
volume detail and analyse the electoral dynamics in a number of
localities in order to shed light on how electoral campaigns are
organised across regions of the Philippines, with particular focus
on how candidates and their campaigns choose to appeal to and
mobilise voters, the kinds of political networks used in campaigns,
and how voters respond to different kinds of electoral appeals. It
also analyses how Philippines candidates use political machines,
clientelist networks and the delivery of patronage to secure
election, identifies commonalities and differences across the
Philippines, and engages in current debates in the literature about
elections in developing democracies, the structure and organisation
of clientelism, and the role of money in elections.
Democracy for Sale is an on-the-ground account of Indonesian
democracy, analyzing its election campaigns and behind-the-scenes
machinations. Edward Aspinall and Ward Berenschot assess the
informal networks and political strategies that shape access to
power and privilege in the messy political environment of
contemporary Indonesia. In post-Suharto Indonesian politics the
exchange of patronage for political support is commonplace.
Clientelism, argue the authors, saturates the political system, and
in Democracy for Sale they reveal the everyday practices of vote
buying, influence peddling, manipulating government programs, and
skimming money from government projects. In doing so, Aspinall and
Berenschot advance three major arguments. The first argument points
toward the role of religion, kinship, and other identities in
Indonesian clientelism. The second explains how and why Indonesia's
distinctive system of free-wheeling clientelism came into being.
And the third argument addresses variation in the patterns and
intensity of clientelism. Through these arguments and with
comparative leverage from political practices in India and
Argentina, Democracy for Sale provides compelling evidence of the
importance of informal networks and relationships rather than
formal parties and institutions in contemporary Indonesia.
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