First published in 1994. This is Volume 2 of a selection of studies in Applied Ethics focusing on ethical issues in scientific research in aid to support students when applying ethics to their research training. courses The need for these courses expresses the recognition that the ethical dimensions of various types of scientific research greatly affect the general population and therefore require serious study and debate. This collection of essays addresses the major areas of moral debate regarding research: fraud and deception, controlled experiments on humans, animal and genetic research, IQ and military research. The essays collected here represent the best efforts to date of philosophers and scientists to grapple with these interesting and difficult issues.

This Encyclopedia is a comprehensive, one-volume reference work containing entries on the life, work and theories of Sigmund Freud.
The book discusses the most recent work on such topics as the theory of dreams, the concept of repression, defence mechanisms and the Oedipus complex. Also included are essays on later psychoanalytic theories such as object relations and psychology.
Sigmund Freud is regarded as one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century: this book will contribute to a further understanding of his influence and of the current evaluations and debates surrounding his work.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203800990

Originally published in 1970. Many contemporary philosophers have thought that certain philosophic disputes could be settled by using the concept of meaninglessness. To solve philosophic problems in this way, however, it seemed necessary to provide a reliable criterion for deciding when a particular sentence or statement is meaningless. But devising such a criterion has proved to be very difficult. In fact, in recent years many philosophers have become quite skeptical about the adequacy of the standard criteria of meaninglessness. Some of the more radical skeptics have even argued that the concept of meaninglessness, as it is used by philosophers, is itself defective and would be even if an adequate criterion could be found. Professor Erwin, in a systematic study of the concept of meaninglessness, begins by examining the standard criteria of meaninglessness proposed by philosophers. These criteria include operationalist, verificationist, and type or category criteria. Each of these criteria, he argues, is inadequate. Erwin then turns to the question, What kinds of items, if any, should be said to be meaningless? Most philosophers concerned with this question have claimed that only sentences, not statements or propositions, can be meaningless. Erwin argues, however, that this is wrong: statements (and propositions) can be meaningless. Once this is demonstrated, it can then be shown that the more radical skepticism about the philosophic use of the concept of meaninglessness is misguided. In particular, Erwin shows that the following assertions of the radical skeptic are false: that what is meaningless is relative to a given language or to a given time, and that the concept of meaninglessness forces us to condemn as nonsense metaphors comprehensible to competent speakers of English. In his concluding chapter, Erwin considers the implications of there not being any adequate general criterion of meaninglessness. He then tries to show how the concept of meaninglessness, when interpreted in the manner he suggests, can be profitably used by philosophers, despite the many persuasive objections to its use that philosophers have raised in their disputes over it.

The first in-depth Encyclopedia on the life, work, and theories of Sigmund Freud, this A-Z reference includes the most recent debates on such topics as the theory of dreams and the Oedipus complex, as well as biographical sketches of leading figures in the Freudian movement. Coverage also includes philosophers who anticipated or influenced Freud, such as Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, and the many movements influenced by his work, from the early twentieth-century Surrealists to the present day.

Although the development of systematic behavior modification techniques had impacted enormously on clinical theory and practice in the years leading up to 1978, when this book was first published, Edward Erwin addresses some of the remaining fundamental questions: what 'constitute' scientific principles of learning? Is behavior therapy really derived from them? How can ethical issues raised by the use of behavior modification techniques be resolved? His clear, readable analysis will be invaluable to anyone with a professional interest in behavior therapy, including graduate and advanced undergraduate students. Those philosophers of science whose focus is psychology will also find it a work of major importance that clarifies debates contemporary with the book's publication among psychologists, philosophers of science and legislators.

`Erwin's argumentative skills and knowledge of the literature are remarkable and most of his original claims are persuasive....The merit of the analysis Erwin offers is to provide a well-informed and accessible account of the current state of psychotherapy, its history and its philosophical grounds' - Metapsychology Online `For those readers who favour an empirical-scientific approach to counselling and therapy, and who view therapy, at least potentially or in principle, as an objective science, this will no doubt be a very useful and informative book... We should be grateful that Erwin has set out more fully than anyone to date the specifically philosophical case for a "science of therapy"; and those of a New Paradigm persuasion at least now know the nature of the arguments they will have to refute in order to sustain their position. I look forward with eager anticipation to their efforts, and to an emerging and fruitful engagement between philosophy and therapy - for both have a great deal to learn from each other' - Counselling, The Journal of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy This pioneering book analyzes the interface between philosophy and psychotherapy. The first authoritative work to apply rigorous philosophical discipline to therapeutic claims and counter-claims, it will encourage psychotherapists, counsellors and applied psychologists to examine their practice and clarify their thinking. Edward Erwin discusses some of the key philosophical issues that have a particular relevance to psychotherapeutic theory - autonomy and free choice, the nature of the self, epistemology, and values and morals - as well as examining specific interdisciplinary issues that cut across the boundaries between philosophy and psychotherapy. Finally, he looks at the `crisis' in psychotherapy today, offering a valuable philosophical insight into the debate about the proliferation and efficacy of therapeutic approaches.

Challenging and incisive, Philosophy and Psychotherapy is the first authoritative work to apply philosophical discipline to therapeutic claims and counter claims. Author Edward Erwin discusses some of the key philosophical issues that have a particular relevance to psychotherapeutic theoryùautonomy and free choice, the nature of the self, epistemology, and values and moralsùas well as examining specific interdisciplinary issues that cut across the boundaries between philosophy and psychotherapy. In addition, he also looks at the crisis in psychotherapy today, offering a valuable philosophical insight into the debate about the proliferation and efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Philosophy and Psychotherapy breaks new ground and will encourage all psychotherapists, counselors, and applied psychologists to reexamine their practice and clarify their thinking. It is clearly a significant contribution to the critical analysis of one of the most influential systems of thought and practice of our time.