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Historians commonly designate the High Middle Ages as the era of the "papal monarchy," when the popes of Rome vied with secular rulers for spiritual and temporal supremacy. Indeed, in many ways the story of the papal monarchy encapsulates that of medieval Europe as often remembered: a time before the modern age, when religious authorities openly clashed with emperors, kings, and princes for political mastery of their world, claiming sovereignty over Christendom, the universal community of Christian kingdoms, churches, and peoples. At no point was this conflict more widespread and dramatic than during the papacies of Gregory IX (1227-1241) and Innocent IV (1243-1254). Their struggles with the Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II (1212-1250) echoed in the corridors of power and the court of public opinion, ranging from the battlefields of Italy to the streets of Jerusalem. In The Two Powers, Brett Edward Whalen has written a new history of this combative relationship between the thirteenth-century papacy and empire. Countering the dominant trend of modern historiography, which focuses on Frederick instead of the popes, he redirects our attention to the papal side of the historical equation. By doing so, Whalen highlights the ways in which Gregory and Innocent acted politically and publicly, realizing their priestly sovereignty through the networks of communication, performance, and documentary culture that lay at the unique disposal of the Apostolic See. Covering pivotal decades that included the last major crusades, the birth of the Inquisition, and the unexpected invasion of the Mongols, The Two Powers shows how Gregory and Innocent's battles with Frederick shaped the historical destiny of the thirteenth-century papacy and its role in the public realm of medieval Christendom.
Brett Whalen explores the compelling belief that Christendom would spread to every corner of the earth before the end of time. During the High Middle Ages an era of crusade, mission, and European expansion the Western followers of Rome imagined the future conversion of Jews, Muslims, pagans, and Eastern Christians into one fold of God s people, assembled under the authority of the Roman Church. Starting with the eleventh-century papal reform, Whalen shows how theological readings of history, prophecies, and apocalyptic scenarios enabled medieval churchmen to project the authority of Rome over the world. Looking to Byzantium, the Islamic world, and beyond, Western Christians claimed their special place in the divine plan for salvation, whether they were battling for Jerusalem or preaching to unbelievers. For those who knew how to read the signs, history pointed toward the triumph and spread of Roman Christianity. Yet this dream of Christendom raised troublesome questions about the problem of sin within the body of the faithful. By the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, radical apocalyptic thinkers numbered among the papacy s most outspoken critics, who associated present-day ecclesiastical institutions with the evil of Antichrist a subversive reading of the future. For such critics, the conversion of the world would happen only after the purgation of the Roman Church and a time of suffering for the true followers of God. This engaging and beautifully written book offers an important window onto Western religious views in the past that continue to haunt modern times.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. A practical roadmap for database upgrade, migration, and transformationThis Oracle Press guide provides best practices for migrating between different operating systems and platforms, transforming existing databases to use different storage or enterprise systems, and upgrading databases from one release to the next. Based on the expert authors' real-world experience, Oracle Database Upgrade, Migration & Transformation Tips & Techniques will help you choose the best migration path for your project and develop an effective methodology. Code examples and detailed checklists are included in this comprehensive resource. Leverage the features of Oracle Data Guard to migrate an Oracle Database Use Oracle Recovery Manager, transportable tablespace sets, and transportable database toolsets to migrate between platforms Migrate databases with export/import Use Oracle GoldenGate for zero or near-zero downtime migrations Take advantage of the Cross-Platform Transportable Tablespace Set utility Migrate to new storage platforms using the features of Oracle Automatic Storage Management Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c with the Database Upgrade Assistant tool Move seamlessly to Oracle's engineered systems Migrate to the cloud
Master Cloud building with Oracle VM 3 installation, configuration, and maintenance Set up, configure, and manage a dynamic virtualization platform across your enterprise using the detailed information contained in this Oracle Press guide. The book shows, step-by-step, how to size servers for Oracle VM, choose and deploy virtualization hardware and manage the environment as the foundation for a private cloud infrastructure. Real-world examples and valuable best practices are featured throughout. Oracle VM 3 Cloud Implementation and Administration Guide lays out key virtualization concepts and clearly explains every aspect of Oracle VM architecture. From there, you will learn how design server farms, build and maintain virtual machines, handle provisioning and cloning, work with Oracle VM Manager, and incorporate solid security procedures. Advanced topics such as Disaster Recovery design and implementation, Cloud management with Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control and advanced storage and network integration aspects are fully covered. * Features tips, techniques, and tools for optimizing Oracle products on Oracle VM * Contains expert, hands-on advice on tackling the most common challenges * Written by a team of Oracle professionals with extensive VM experience
Pilgrimage inspired and shaped the distinct experiences of commoners and nobles, men and women, clergy and laity for over a thousand years. Pilgrimage in the Middle Ages: A Reader is a rich collection of primary sources for the history of Christian pilgrimage in Europe and the Mediterranean world from the fourth through the sixteenth centuries. The collection illustrates the far-reaching significance and consequences of pilgrimage for the culture, society, economics, politics, and spirituality of the Middle Ages. Brett Edward Whalen focuses on sites within Europe and beyond its borders, including the holy places of Jerusalem, and provides documents that shed light upon Eastern Christian, Jewish, and Islamic pilgrimages. The result is an innovative sourcebook that offers a window into broader trends, shifts, and transformations in the Middle Ages.
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