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In recent years many influential philosophers have advocated that
philosophy is an a priori science. Yet very few epistemology
textbooks discuss a priori knowledge at any length, focusing
instead on empirical knowledge and empirical justification. As a
priori knowledge has moved centre stage, the literature remains
either too technical or too out of date to make up a reasonable
component of an undergraduate course. Edwin Mares book aims to
rectify this. This book seeks to make accessible to students the
standard topics and current debates within a priori knowledge,
including necessity and certainty, rationalism, empiricism and
analyticity, Quine's attack on the a priori, Kantianism,
Aristotelianism, mathematical knowledge, moral knowledge, logical
knowledge and philosophical knowledge.
There are a bewildering variety of ways the terms "realism" and
"anti-realism" have been used in philosophy and furthermore the
different uses of these terms are only loosely connected with one
another. Rather than give a piecemeal map of this very diverse
landscape, the authors focus on what they see as the core concept:
realism about a particular domain is the view that there are facts
or entities distinctive of that domain, and their existence and
nature is in some important sense objective and mind-independent.
The authors carefully set out and explain the different realist and
anti-realist positions and arguments that occur in five key
domains: science, ethics, mathematics, modality and fictional
objects. For each area the authors examine the various styles of
argument in support of and against realism and anti-realism, show
how these different positions and arguments arise in very different
domains, evaluate their success within these fields, and draw
general conclusions about these assorted strategies. Error theory,
fictionalism, non-cognitivism, relativism and response-dependence
are taken as the most important positions in opposition to the
realist and these are explored in depth. Suitable for advanced
level undergraduates, the book offers readers a clear introduction
to a subject central to much contemporary work in metaphysics,
epistemology and philosophy of language.
In recent years many influential philosophers have advocated that
philosophy is an a priori science. Yet very few epistemology
textbooks discuss a priori knowledge at any length, focusing
instead on empirical knowledge and empirical justification. As a
priori knowledge has moved centre stage, the literature remains
either too technical or too out of date to make up a reasonable
component of an undergraduate course. Edwin Mares book aims to
rectify this. This book seeks to make accessible to students the
standard topics and current debates within a priori knowledge,
including necessity and certainty, rationalism, empiricism and
analyticity, Quine's attack on the a priori, Kantianism,
Aristotelianism, mathematical knowledge, moral knowledge, logical
knowledge and philosophical knowledge.
There are a bewildering variety of ways the terms "realism" and
"anti-realism" have been used in philosophy and furthermore the
different uses of these terms are only loosely connected with one
another. Rather than give a piecemeal map of this very diverse
landscape, the authors focus on what they see as the core concept:
realism about a particular domain is the view that there are facts
or entities distinctive of that domain, and their existence and
nature is in some important sense objective and mind-independent.
The authors carefully set out and explain the different realist and
anti-realist positions and arguments that occur in five key
domains: science, ethics, mathematics, modality and fictional
objects. For each area the authors examine the various styles of
argument in support of and against realism and anti-realism, show
how these different positions and arguments arise in very different
domains, evaluate their success within these fields, and draw
general conclusions about these assorted strategies. Error theory,
fictionalism, non-cognitivism, relativism and response-dependence
are taken as the most important positions in opposition to the
realist and these are explored in depth. Suitable for advanced
level undergraduates, the book offers readers a clear introduction
to a subject central to much contemporary work in metaphysics,
epistemology and philosophy of language.
This book is dedicated to the work of Alasdair Urquhart. The book
starts out with an introduction to and an overview of Urquhart's
work, and an autobiographical essay by Urquhart. This introductory
section is followed by papers on algebraic logic and lattice
theory, papers on the complexity of proofs, and papers on
philosophical logic and history of logic. The final section of the
book contains a response to the papers by Urquhart. Alasdair
Urquhart has made extremely important contributions to a variety of
fields in logic. He produced some of the earliest work on the
semantics of relevant logic. He provided the undecidability of the
logics R (of relevant implication) and E (of relevant entailment),
as well as some of their close neighbors. He proved that
interpolation fails in some of those systems. Urquhart has done
very important work in complexity theory, both about the complexity
of proofs in classical and some nonclassical logics. In pure
algebra, he has produced a representation theorem for lattices and
some rather beautiful duality theorems. In addition, he has done
important work in the history of logic, especially on Bertrand
Russell, including editing Volume four of Russell's Collected
Papers.
This book is dedicated to the work of Alasdair Urquhart. The book
starts out with an introduction to and an overview of Urquhart's
work, and an autobiographical essay by Urquhart. This introductory
section is followed by papers on algebraic logic and lattice
theory, papers on the complexity of proofs, and papers on
philosophical logic and history of logic. The final section of the
book contains a response to the papers by Urquhart. Alasdair
Urquhart has made extremely important contributions to a variety of
fields in logic. He produced some of the earliest work on the
semantics of relevant logic. He provided the undecidability of the
logics R (of relevant implication) and E (of relevant entailment),
as well as some of their close neighbors. He proved that
interpolation fails in some of those systems. Urquhart has done
very important work in complexity theory, both about the complexity
of proofs in classical and some nonclassical logics. In pure
algebra, he has produced a representation theorem for lattices and
some rather beautiful duality theorems. In addition, he has done
important work in the history of logic, especially on Bertrand
Russell, including editing Volume four of Russell's Collected
Papers.
Interest in the metaphysics and logic of possible worlds goes back
at least as far as Aristotle, but few books address the history of
these important concepts. This volume offers new essays on the
theories about the logical modalities (necessity and possibility)
held by leading philosophers from Aristotle in ancient Greece to
Rudolf Carnap in the twentieth century. The story begins with an
illuminating discussion of Aristotle's views on the connection
between logic and metaphysics, continues through the Stoic and
mediaeval (including Arabic) traditions, and then moves to the
early modern period with particular attention to Locke and Leibniz.
The views of Kant, Peirce, C. I. Lewis and Carnap complete the
volume. Many of the essays illuminate the connection between the
historical figures studied, and recent or current work in the
philosophy of modality. The result is a rich and wide-ranging
picture of the history of the logical modalities.
Interest in the metaphysics and logic of possible worlds goes back
at least as far as Aristotle, but few books address the history of
these important concepts. This volume offers new essays on the
theories about the logical modalities (necessity and possibility)
held by leading philosophers from Aristotle in ancient Greece to
Rudolf Carnap in the twentieth century. The story begins with an
illuminating discussion of Aristotle's views on the connection
between logic and metaphysics, continues through the Stoic and
mediaeval (including Arabic) traditions, and then moves to the
early modern period with particular attention to Locke and Leibniz.
The views of Kant, Peirce, C. I. Lewis and Carnap complete the
volume. Many of the essays illuminate the connection between the
historical figures studied, and recent or current work in the
philosophy of modality. The result is a rich and wide-ranging
picture of the history of the logical modalities.
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