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Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer
Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags
von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv
Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche
Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext
betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor
1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen
Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
This is a new release of the original 1954 edition.
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
PREFACE: The preparation of this book was undertaken because it was
felt that there was need of a work dealing primarily with the
chemical aspects of the pulp and paper industry and embodying under
one cover the results of recent investigations along this line. The
endeavor has been to include all details which the chemist should
have to enable him to grasp the methods of manufacture, but it is
not intended to be a treatise on paper making in all its mechanical
phases, and in fact the mechanical features of the industry are
discussed only in so far as they are necessary for a satisfactory
understanding of the chemistry involved. It has been written
chiefly with the idea of helping the young technical man, whether
chemist or chemical engineer, and it has therefore been assumed
that the reader has a fair knowledge of the elements of chemistry.
At the same time it has been attempted to write as simply and
plainly as possible and it is believed that any one connected with
the pulp and paper industry will find it helpful and suggestive.
The subject matter has been collected from personal notes and
experiences during the authors twenty years service as chemist in
the industry, as well as from a careful review of the literature
relating to the subject. The latter is often contra- dictory in the
extreme and in certain cases it has proved almost impossible to
reconcile conflicting statements. In such cases both sides of the
argument have been presented as fairly as possible. It is peculiar
to the industry that there are usually a large number of variable
factors which influence any one operation, and since it is
practically impossible to control all of these variables it
necessarily follows thatresults in different mills will not be in
harmony. For this reason it is expected that the observant reader
will find statements to which he will take exceptions, but such
differences of opinion are often desirable since they indicate
lines of investigation which will lead to a better understanding of
many things present obscure. which are at Regarding the methods of
analysis and testing which are given it may be said that the
attempt has been made to include all which are necessary for
routine work in controlling opera- tions. There are many occasional
analyses which it is necessary to make during special
investigations, but it is impractical to include all of these and
for such methods reference must be made to the numerous standard
text-books of analytical procedure. L. Merrill Acknowledgment is
made of the assistance of Mr. J. on the subject of Straw and also
of that of my associates at the mills of S. D. Warren Company,
whose encouragement has helped to overcome many difficulties. I am
also indebted to the publishers ofVan Nostrands Chem- ical Annual
for a number of the tables which will be found in the appendix.
Contents include: CHAPTER I PAGE CELLULOSE Physiological and
Physical. Composition and Constitution. Cellulose and Water.
Solvents. Cellulose and Salts. Decomposition by Acids, Alkalis,
Oxidants, Ferments and Heat. Compounds, Nitrates, Gun- Cotton,
Nitrites, Acetates, Sulphuric Esters. Mixed Esters, Benzoates,
Formates, Alkali-Cellulose. Sulpho-Carbonates. Groups of
Celluloses. Compound Celluloses. Methods of Determination. CHAPTER
II FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS t . . . 34 The Vegetable Cell. Seed Hairs.
Bast Fibres. Fibres from Whole Stems. Woods. Length of Fibres.
Densitiesand Composition of Woods. Bark and Knots. Decay. Woods
used in Pulp Making. Bulk of Raw Materials. CHAPTER III RAGS,
ESPARTO, STRAW, BAMBOO 68 Grades of Rags. Dusting. Boiling.
Boilers. Losses. Esparto. Cleaning. Boilers. Cooking. Bleaching.
Alkali Recovery. Straw. Com- position. Cooking with Lime. Soda
Cooks. Bamboo. Sources. Analyses. Cooking...
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
PREFACE The preparation of this book was undertaken because it was
felt that there was need of a work dealing primarily with the
chemical aspects of the pulp and paper industry and embodying under
one cover the results of recent investigations along this line. The
endeavor has been to include all details which the chemist should
have to enable him to grasp the methods of manufacture, but it is
not intended to be a treatise on paper making in all its mechanical
phases, and in fact the mechanical features of the industry are
discussed only in so far as they are necessary for a satisfactory
understanding of the chemistry involved. It has been written
chiefly with the idea of helping the young technical man, whether
chemist or chemical engineer, and it has therefore been assumed
that the reader has a fair knowledge of the elements of chemistry.
At the same time it has been attempted to write as simply and
plainly as possible and it is believed that any one connected with
the pulp and paper industry will find it helpful and suggestive.
The subject matter has been collected from personal notes and
experiences during the authors twenty years service as chemist in
the industry, as well as from a careful review of the literature
relating to the subject. The latter is often contra- dictory in the
extreme and in certain cases it has proved almost impossible to
reconcile conflicting statements. In such cases both sides of the
argument have been presented as fairly as possible. It is peculiar
to the industry that there are usually a large number of variable
factors which influence any one operation, and since it is
practically impossible to control all of these variables it
necessarily follows thatresults in different mills will not be in
harmony. For this reason it is expected that the observant reader
will find statements to which he will take exceptions, but such
differences of opinion are often desirable since they indicate
lines of investigation which will lead to a better understanding of
many things present obscure. which are at Regarding the methods of
analysis and testing which are given it may be said that the
attempt has been made to include all which are necessary for
routine work in controlling opera- tions. There are many occasional
analyses which it is necessary to make during special
investigations, but it is impractical to include all of these and
for such methods reference must be made to the numerous standard
text-books of analytical procedure. L. Merrill Acknowledgment is
made of the assistance of Mr. J. on the subject of Straw and also
of that of my associates at the mills of S. D. Warren Company,
whose encouragement has helped to overcome many difficulties. I am
also indebted to the publishers ofVan Nostrands Chem- ical Annual
for a number of the tables which will be found in the appendix.
CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE CELLULOSE Physiological and Physical.
Composition and Constitution. Cellulose and Water. Solvents.
Cellulose and Salts. Decomposition by Acids, Alkalis, Oxidants,
Ferments and Heat. Compounds, Nitrates, Gun- Cotton, Nitrites,
Acetates, Sulphuric Esters. Mixed Esters, Benzoates, Formates,
Alkali-Cellulose. Sulpho-Carbonates. Groups of Celluloses. Compound
Celluloses. Methods of Determination. CHAPTER II FIBROUS RAW
MATERIALS t . . . 34 The Vegetable Cell. Seed Hairs. Bast Fibres.
Fibres from Whole Stems. Woods. Length of Fibres. Densities
andComposition of Woods. Bark and Knots. Decay. Woods used in Pulp
Making. Bulk of Raw Materials. CHAPTER III RAGS, ESPARTO, STRAW,
BAMBOO 68 Grades of Rags. Dusting. Boiling. Boilers. Losses.
Esparto. Cleaning. Boilers. Cooking. Bleaching. Alkali Recovery.
Straw. Com- position. Cooking with Lime. Soda Cooks. Bamboo.
Sources. Analyses. Cooking...
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