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not only for land use systems that depend on the regular supply of
rain or irrigation water but also for the future development of
natural rainforests as drought stress has been shown to a?ect tree
growth and species composition in old-growth forests (Wright 1991,
Walsh and Newbery 1999, Engelbrecht et al. 2007). A drought
experiment conducted in a cacao agroforestry plantation showed that
this plantation was surprisingly resilient to an induced drought of
more than a year (Schwendenmann et al. 2009). However, droughts can
have a strong impact on household incomes from agriculture, they
strongly a?ect the vulnerability to poverty and thus have to be
analyzed as important exogenous shocks to households, forcing them
to adjust their behaviour and develop strategies to cope with these
problems. The stability of rainforest margins is a critical factor
in the protection of tropical rainforests (Tscharntke et al. 2007).
At present, however, rainf- est margins in many parts of the
tropics are far from stable, both in soc- economic and in
ecological terms. For example, protected areas may attract, rather
than repel, human settlement, which may be due to international
donor investment in national conservation programs (Wittemeyer et
al. 2008). An alternative hypothesis is that protected areas might
be compromised if leakage takes place, that is, if impacts that
would take place inside the restricted area are displaced to a
nearby, undisturbed area (Ewers and Rodrigues 2008).
not only for land use systems that depend on the regular supply of
rain or irrigation water but also for the future development of
natural rainforests as drought stress has been shown to a?ect tree
growth and species composition in old-growth forests (Wright 1991,
Walsh and Newbery 1999, Engelbrecht et al. 2007). A drought
experiment conducted in a cacao agroforestry plantation showed that
this plantation was surprisingly resilient to an induced drought of
more than a year (Schwendenmann et al. 2009). However, droughts can
have a strong impact on household incomes from agriculture, they
strongly a?ect the vulnerability to poverty and thus have to be
analyzed as important exogenous shocks to households, forcing them
to adjust their behaviour and develop strategies to cope with these
problems. The stability of rainforest margins is a critical factor
in the protection of tropical rainforests (Tscharntke et al. 2007).
At present, however, rainf- est margins in many parts of the
tropics are far from stable, both in soc- economic and in
ecological terms. For example, protected areas may attract, rather
than repel, human settlement, which may be due to international
donor investment in national conservation programs (Wittemeyer et
al. 2008). An alternative hypothesis is that protected areas might
be compromised if leakage takes place, that is, if impacts that
would take place inside the restricted area are displaced to a
nearby, undisturbed area (Ewers and Rodrigues 2008).
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