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An exciton is an electronic excitation wave consisting of an
electron-hole pair which propagates in a nonmetallic solid. Since
the pioneering research of Fren kel, Wannier and the Pohl group in
the 1930s, a large number of experimental and theoretical studies
have been made. Due to these investigations the exciton is now a
well-established concept and the electronic structure has been
clarified in great detail. The next subjects for investigation are,
naturally, dynamical processes of excitons such as excitation,
relaxation, annihilation and molecule formation and, in fact, many
interesting phenomena have been disclosed by recent works. These
excitonic processes have been recognized to be quite important in
solid-state physics because they involve a number of basic
interactions between excitons and other elementary excitations. It
is the aim of this quasi monograph to describe these excitonic
processes from both theoretical and experimental points of view. we
take a few To discuss and illustrate the excitonic processes in
solids, important and well-investigated insulating crystals as
playgrounds for excitons on which they play in a manner
characteristic of each material. The selection of the materials is
made in such a way that they possess some unique properties of
excitonic processes and are adequate to cover important
interactions in which excitons are involved. In each material,
excitonic processes are described in detail from the experimental
side in order to show the whole story of excitons in a particular
material."
This is the Proceedings of the Taniguchi International Symposium on
"Relaxation of Elementary Excitations" which was held October
12-16,1979, at Susono-shi (at the foot of f1t. Fuji) in Japan. The
pleasant atmosphere of the Symposium is evidenced in the picture of
the participants shown on the next page. The purpose of the
symposium was to provide an opportunity for a limited number of
active researchers to meet and to discuss relaxation processes and
related phenomena not only of excitons and phonons in solids but
also electronic and vibrational excitations in molecules and
biological systems. First, the lattice relaxation, i.e.,
multi-phonon process, associated with electronic excitation, which
plays important roles in self-trapping of an exciton and a particle
(electron and hole) and also in degradation of semi conductor
lasers, is discussed. Second, this lattice relaxation is studied as
the intermediate state interaction in the second-order optical
responses, i.e., in connection with the competitive behavior of
Raman scattering and luminescence. Third, relaxation mechanisms and
relaxation constants are by spectroscopic methods as well as by
genuine nonlinear optical determined phenomena. Conversely the
relaxation is decisive in coherent nonlinear optical phenomena such
as laser, superradiance, and optical bistability. Fourth, the role
played by relaxation processes is discussed for optical phenomena
in macromolecules and biological system such as photosynthesis."
This graduate text gives an introductory overview of the fundamentals of quantum nonlinear optics. It deals with the organization of radiation field, interaction between electronic system and radiation field, statistics of light, mutual manipulation of light and matter, laser oscillation, dynamics of light, nonlinear optical response, nonlinear spectroscopy as well as ultrashort and ultrastrong laser pulse. In addition, latest results of the frontier of this science are presented. Problems and solutions help the reader to become familiar with the material given.
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