The school bus routing problem (SBRP) is a central issue in transportation planning and optimization systems. SBRP seeks to plan an efficient schedule for a fleet of school buses where each bus picks up students from various bus stops and delivers them to their designated schools while satisfying various constraints such as the bus capacity. Due to its complexity, many heuristics have been proposed to solve this combinatorial problem in an effective way. In this book, geographic information systems (GIS)-based decision-making framework that combines GIS, clustering techniques, network cutting techniques, and a hybrid ant colony optimization metaheuristic with the iterated Lin-Kernighan local improvement heuristic is proposed for solving the SBRP as a split delivery vehicle routing problem (SDVRP). Experiments were conducted for evaluating the proposed framework by comparing the results from it and Arc-GIS 9.2 Network Analyst which uses the greedy Dijkstra's algorithm. The reported results of the proposed framework generally outperform that of the ArcGIS. IIn addition, the proposed decision-making framework was applied to solve a real life SBRP to demonstrate its application.

Evaluation of web portals is an important topic in web engineering. The satisfaction of users is a primary goal for actors involved with the development and operation of a web portal. Different users can not be treated as the same due to the diversity of people which have different drives, abilities, and personalities. This book has three aims the first one is to provide an integrated framework for web portals evaluation criteria. The proposed web portals evaluation criteria model is divided into eight criteria which were not grouped together before which involves web portal content, web portal design, web portal personalization, web portal community, web portal business issue, web portal search engine, web portal emotional issue, and web portal evaluation and development. The second aim is to rank the different web portals quality criteria based on the different types of personality. The third aim is to discuss the relationship between web portals personalization and the users' satisfaction.