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The world around us appears as diverse and beautiful as it does
owing to the fact that light is scattered. Scattering plays two
roles in the intricate process of image formation. First, it is the
means by which we perceive an object. An object which does not
scatter light cannot be seen. However, scattering also distorts the
image observed. Even in relatively pure air, visibility is limited
to a range of a few tens of kilometers owing to aerosol and
molecular light scattering. It is reduced to tens of meters in
conditions of mist or fog. What occurs when we look at an object
through a scattering medium? For example, when a point diffuse
source is being observed, the radiation undergoes multiple
scattering along the path to the photodetector. Therefore, the
image produced by a source of this kind (i.e., the irradiance
distribution in the image plane) appears as a more or less blurred
speck. What we have said so far serves as an introduction to the
concept of image transfer theory, or the point spread function ..
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