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Flammability has been recognized as an increasingly important
social and scientific problem. Fire statistics in the United States
(Report of the National Commission on Fire Prevention and Control.
"America Burning: ' 1973) emphasized the vast devastation to life
and property--12.000 lives lost annually due to fire. and these
deaths are usually caused by inhaling smoke or toxic gases: 300.000
fire injuries: 11.4 billion dollars in fire cost at which 2.7
billion dollars is related to property loss: a billion dollars to
burn injury treatment: and 3.3 billion dollars in productivity
loss. It is obvious that much human and economic misery can be
attributed to fire situations. In relation to this. polymer
flammability has been recognized as an in creasingly important
social and scientific problem. The development of flame-retardant
polymeric materials is a current example where the initia tive for
major scientific and technological developments is motivated by
sociological pressure and legislation. This is part of the
important trend toward a safer environment and sets a pattern for
future example. Flame retardancy deals with our basic everyday life
situations-housing. work areas. transportation. clothing and so
forth-the "macroenvironment" capsule within which "homosapiens"
live. As a result. flame-retardant polymers are now emerging as a
specific class of materials leading to new and diversified
scientific and technological ventures."
This marks the first publieation of the Division of Polymer
Chemistry, Ine., Ameriean Chemieal Soeiety, bien nia1 polymer
symposia. This new series will feature new and novel deve10pments
in polymer seience and technology as presented at these symposia.
This volume reports the proeeeding of the Eighth Bi ennia1 Polymer
Symposium of the Division of Polymer Chem istry held at Key
Biseayne, Florida on November 20 - 24, 1976. It is eoneerned with a
number of developments having both scientifie and praetical
significance. These inelude polymerie liquid erysta1 systems in the
melt and in solu tion, polymer blends, and nove1 polymers in
extended chain conformations produced by solid-state
polymerization. Rates of eonformationa1 transitions and cis-trans
isomeri zations in polymers, a new look at rubber elasticity theory
and new synthetie procedures for stiffening polymer ehains are some
of the new scientific developments. The book conc1udes with two
approaches for the use of polymers in the important field of slow
drug release. The authors are all we1l-known seientists and inelude
Nobel Laureate Paul Flory, first recipient of the Polymer Division
Award whieh was presented at this Symposium. Eli M. Pearee John R.
Schaefgen v CONTENTS The Molecular Theory of Rubber Elasticity 1
(Polymer Division Award Address) P. J. Flory Liquid Crystalline
Solutions from POlyhydrazides in Aqueous Organic Bases . . . . . .
. 19 J. D. Hartzler and P. W. Morgan Properties of Rigid-Chain
Polymers in Dilute and Concentrated Solutions . . . ."
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