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The right to land plays a key role in the realisation of a plethora
of human rights, including the right to food, water, housing,
employment, a clean and healthy environment, an adequate standard
of living, social status and the power to make decisions. Property
rights over land can take many forms, from mere access rights to
ownership. Due to a growing world population and various global
crises and developments such as agrarian reform, land is becoming
scarce. The result is that land prices increase and the poorest
sectors of society are deprived of access to land whilst State
authorities and foreign investors practise land grabbing to make
way for palm oil, animal feed and biofuel plantations, tourist
resorts, or as speculative investment. In addition, arable land is
not only claimed for residential purposes, but also by industries
that in turn pollute the soil and water. Many groups in society,
especially in developing States, need access to land for their
subsistence. It is these smallholders, landless farmers, rural
youths, indigenous peoples and women who often suffer the worst
consequences of land reform schemes and land grabbing practices.
They are not well protected by the existing forms of land tenure
and State authorities often fail to live up to their human rights
obligations to respect and protect the land rights of people in all
sectors of their society.Legal Aspects of Land Rights is the result
of the cooperation of scholars from five Indonesian faculties of
law, the Maastricht Centre for Human Rights, and the Maastricht
European Transnational Research Institute (METRO), together known
as the Land Rights Consortium.
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