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The book continues the work of Widespread Idioms in Europe and
Beyond (2012) and also brings new insights into the similarities of
the European languages. Using comprehensive data from 78 European
and some non-European languages, another 280 "widespread idioms"
have been analyzed in terms of their distribution and origins. They
are arranged according to their source domains (for example,
performing arts, sports, history, war, technology, money, folk
belief, medical skills, gestures, and nature). Among them are very
modern layers of a common figurative lexicon, including quotes of
personalities of recent times. Thorough research on the sources of
these idioms goes beyond the entries in relevant reference works
and brings new and unpredictable results. All of the data in this
book adds new knowledge to the fields of language and culture. We
now know which Europe-wide common idioms actually constitute a
"Lexicon of Common Figurative Units" and which chronological and
cultural layers they may be assigned to. The question about the
causes of the wide spread of idioms across many languages now can
partly be answered.
This groundbreaking book in theoretical and empirical phraseology
research looks at Europe's linguistic situation as a whole,
including 74 European and 17 non-European languages. The occurrence
of idioms that actually share the same lexical and semantic
structure across a large number of languages has never been
demonstrated so clearly before Widespread Idioms in Europe and
Beyond. This book answers significant questions regarding hitherto
vague ideas about the phraseological similarities between European
languages and their cultural foundation, ranging from
intertextuality, aspects of European mental, material, and social
culture, to culturally based perception of natural phenomena. This
inventory, which analyzes 190 out of a total of 380 widespread
idioms and includes maps, is valuable for academic teaching and
further research in the fields of phraseology and figurative
language, areal and contact linguistics, and European cultural
studies.
The book develops a Theory of the Figurative Lexicon. Units of the
figurative lexicon (conventional figurative units, CFUs for short)
differ from all other elements of the language in two points:
Firstly, they are conventionalized. That is, they are elements of
the mental lexicon - in contrast to freely created figurative
expressions. Secondly, they consist of two conceptual levels: they
can be interpreted at the level of their literal reading and at the
level of their figurative meaning - which both can be activated
simultaneously. New insights into the Theory of Figurative Lexicon
relate, on the one hand, to the metaphor theory. Over time, it
became increasingly clear that the Conceptual Metaphor Theory in
the sense of Lakoff can only partly explain the conventional
figurativeness. On the other hand, it became clear that
"intertextuality" plays a far greater role in the CFUs of Western
cultures than previously assumed. The book's main target audience
will be linguists, researchers in phraseology, paremiology and
metaphor, and cultural studies. The data and explanations of the
idioms will provide a welcome textbook in courses on linguistics,
culture history, phraseology research and phraseodidactics.
Bis dat, qui cito dat - never has a proverb more aptly applied to
an individual than does this Medieval Latin saying to Wolfgang
Mieder. "He gives twice who gives quickly" captures the essence of
his entire career, his professional as well as personal life. As a
Gegengabe, this international festschrift honors Wolfgang Mieder on
the occasion of his seventieth birthday for his contributions to
world scholarship and his kindness, generosity, and philanthropy.
Seventy-one friends and colleagues from around the world have
contributed sixty-six essays in six languages to this volume,
representative of the scope and breadth of his impressive
scholarship in paremiology, folklore, language, and literature.
This gift in return provides new insights from acknowledged experts
from various fields of research.
The existence of formulaic patterns has been attested to all
languages of the world. However, systematic research in this field
has been focused on only a few European standard languages with a
rich literary tradition and a high degree of written norm. It was
on the basis of these data that the theoretical framework and
methodological approaches were developed. The volume shifts this
focus by centering the investigation on new data, including data
from lesser-used languages and dialects, extra-european languages,
linguistic varieties mostly used in spoken domains as well as at
previous historical stages of language development. Their inclusion
challenges the existing postulates at both a theoretical and
methodological level. Areas of interest include the following
questions: What is formulaic in these types of languages, varieties
and dialects? Are the criteria developed within the framework of
phraseological research applicable to new data? Can any specific
types of formulaic patterns and/or any specific features of regular
(already known) types of formulaic patterns be observed and how do
they emerge? What methodological difficulties need to be overcome
when dealing with new data?
The existence of formulaic patterns has been attested to all
languages of the world. However, systematic research in this field
has been focused on only a few European standard languages with a
rich literary tradition and a high degree of written norm. It was
on the basis of these data that the theoretical framework and
methodological approaches were developed. The volume shifts this
focus by centering the investigation on new data, including data
from lesser-used languages and dialects, extra-european languages,
linguistic varieties mostly used in spoken domains as well as at
previous historical stages of language development. Their inclusion
challenges the existing postulates at both a theoretical and
methodological level. Areas of interest include the following
questions: What is formulaic in these types of languages, varieties
and dialects? Are the criteria developed within the framework of
phraseological research applicable to new data? Can any specific
types of formulaic patterns and/or any specific features of regular
(already known) types of formulaic patterns be observed and how do
they emerge? What methodological difficulties need to be overcome
when dealing with new data?
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