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The long-term viability and sustainability of biosolids land
application is dependent on continuously earning stakeholder
confidence, trust and support. This requires ongoing and effective
engagement and communication with key stakeholders about the
beneficial use of biosolids in their communities. The goal of the
risk communications research was to develop processes, tools and
materials to help biosolids managers conduct effective outreach and
dialogue with key stakeholders in the communities where they
operate, first on biosolids land application and its beneficial
use, then on specific challenges such as communicating about
potential health risks due to pathogens in biosolids. The
researchers developed a state-of-the-science Strategic Risk
Communications Process, tools and materials that can be adapted and
used by biosolids program managers. The Process was applied and
validated through two case studies, which involved in-depth
research with landowners who receive biosolids and neighbors to
biosolids land application sites and, in one case, community health
officials. The research demonstrated that the key influence on
these stakeholders' judgments on the acceptability of biosolids
land application is the trust they have in the people who are
producing the product, the people who are using the product and the
people are overseeing and ensuring the safe appropriate use of
biosolids. These stakeholders recognized the benefits and risks
associated with biosolids land application and support its
beneficial use. However, their support was not unconditional - they
had questions about the long-term health and environmental impacts
of such application. The process, tools and materials developed
through this project will serve to address these and other key
questions, while enabling biosolids managers to continually build
stakeholder support for biosolids land application.
Russia is going through a complicated period of transforming its
economy with a focus on the expansion of private sector activity.
This includes reforms in the field of municipal water supply and
wastewater disposal. This report presents an analysis of the
condition of the municipal water supply and wastewater systems in
Russia in the early part of the 21st Century and tries to provide
answers to the eternal questions: what are the causes of problems
faced and what needs to be done to solve them? The objectives of
the reform of Russia's Vodokanals are described, along with the
regulatory framework governing the sector, including the way
tariffs are regulated. The current condition of water and
wastewater infrastructure is assessed. The most prominent examples
of private sector involvement to date are examined. The report
concludes with a short-range forecase of developments. The report
will be of interest to those wanting to understand the
transformation processes taking place in Russia in the field of
municipal water supply and wastewater disposal. It will also be of
value to potential investors who are looking to take advantage of
the favourable investment climate created recently in the country
and who are considering possible long-term investment in the
management, reconstruction and development of municipal
water-related infrastructure.
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