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Wolfgang Koehler demonstrated that chimpanzees could solve problems
by applying insight. His research showed that the intellectual gap
between humans and chimpanzees was much narrower than previously
thought. The work was revolutionary when originally published in
1917 in German, but it was largely ignored for decades because it
violated the conventional wisdom that animal behavior is simply the
result of instinct or conditioning. However, Koehler's research
showed this was not the case. He used four chimps in his
experiments, Chica, Grande, Konsul, and Sultan. The experiments
consisted of placing chimpanzees in an enclosed area and presenting
them with a desired object that was out of reach. In one
experiment, Koehler placed bananas outside Sultan's cage and two
bamboo sticks inside his cage which needed to be put together to
reach the bananas. Koehler demonstrated the solution to Sultan by
putting his fingers into the end of one of the sticks. After some
contemplation, Sultan put the two sticks together and was able to
reach the bananas. As Jaan Valsiner shows in his introduction to
this classic work, Koehler's analysis of the intelligence of apes
marked a turning point in the psychology of thinking and the
continuing struggle between behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
Koehler achieved his two-fold aim: to determine the relationship
between the intellectual capacity of higher primates and man, and
to gain insight into the nature of intelligent acts.
This is a new release of the original 1946 edition.
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
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Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
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