Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary Part I: Understanding Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States 1 Introduction 2 The Nature and Extent of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States 3 Risk Factors for and Consequences of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors 4 Legal Framework Part II: Current and Emerging Strategies 5 The Legal System 6 Victim and Support Services 7 Health and Health Care 8 The Education Sector 9 The Commercial Sector 10 Multisector and Interagency Collaboration Part III: Recommendations 11 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations Appendixes Appendix A: Disentangling the Language of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States Appendix B: Lessons Learned from International Efforts to Respond to Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors Appendix C: Site Visit Methodology and Summaries Appendix D: Workshop and Site Visit Agendas Appendix E: Biosketches of Committee Members and Staff Index

A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program provides a broad evaluation of the Title X family planning program since its establishment in 1970. The program successfully provides family planning services to its target audience of low-income individuals, but there is room for improvement. While the program's core goals are apparent, a secondary set of changing priorities has emerged without a clear, evidence-based strategic process. Also, funding for the program has increased in actual dollars, but has not kept pace with inflation or increased costs. Several aspects of the program's structure could be improved to increase the ability of Title X to meet the needs of its target population. At the same time, the extent to which the program meets those needs cannot be assessed without a greater capacity for long-term data collection. A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program recommends several specific steps to enhance the management and improve the quality of the program, as well as to demonstrate its direct contribution to important end results, such as reducing rates of unintended pregnancy, cervical cancer, and infertility. The book will guide the Office of Family Planning toward improving the effectiveness of the program. Other parties who will find the research and recommendations valuable include programs receiving Title X funding from the Office of Family Planning, policy makers, researchers, and professional organizations. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Family Planning in the United States 3 Title X Goals, Priorities, and Accomplishments 4 Program Management and Administration 5 Collection of Data to Measure Program Outcomes References Appendixes Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods Appendix B: Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs Appendix C: Title X Family Planning Program Regulations Appendix D: Program Guidelines for Project Grants for Family Planning Services Appendix E: Family Planning Program Assessment Rating Tool Appendix F: Committee Site Visits Appendix G: *Family Planning Annual Report* Data Elements Appendix H Summary of Previous Title X Evaluations and Reviews Appendix I: Title X and OPA-Funded Research Appendix J: Organization, Funding, and Management of the Title X Program Appendix K: Measurement of Quality in the Title X Family Planning Program Appendix L: Committee and Staff Biographies