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• Features & Benefits o The first book to provide a
systematic overview introduction to the subject of linguistic
cycles, with practical research guidance and other pedagogical
resources, for students and researchers in historical linguistics
and linguistic typology. o The first book to present material on
macro cycles, period, and to tie them to the broader issues and
phenomena in linguistic cycle research. Additionally, the author
engages with a variety of theoretical perspectives rather than
narrowly on one approach (e.g., on functional-cognitive,
formal-generative, or usage-oriented perspectives) and brings
examples from a variety of typological language families (rather
than, as many books do, focusing on Indo-European languages), which
will appeal to instructors and researchers coming from different
research traditions. • Demand & Audience o Courses on
historical linguistics usually cover this topic over a week of the
term, and higher-level courses would benefit from the book for more
significant use. This book will provide an important,
comprehensive, accessible resource for students and researchers
that will drive further research in the field, and it will
carefully connect this material back to the broader disciplines of
historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and theoretical
linguistics. • Competition o Existing books are inaccessible to
more junior readers on account of format and narrowness (students
and researchers not already expert in this subject), outdated, or
focused on a related subject without coverage of this subject. This
book steps into the gap and offers a detailed introduction to
linguistic cycles by the absolute world expert on the subject.
• Features & Benefits o The first book to provide a
systematic overview introduction to the subject of linguistic
cycles, with practical research guidance and other pedagogical
resources, for students and researchers in historical linguistics
and linguistic typology. o The first book to present material on
macro cycles, period, and to tie them to the broader issues and
phenomena in linguistic cycle research. Additionally, the author
engages with a variety of theoretical perspectives rather than
narrowly on one approach (e.g., on functional-cognitive,
formal-generative, or usage-oriented perspectives) and brings
examples from a variety of typological language families (rather
than, as many books do, focusing on Indo-European languages), which
will appeal to instructors and researchers coming from different
research traditions. • Demand & Audience o Courses on
historical linguistics usually cover this topic over a week of the
term, and higher-level courses would benefit from the book for more
significant use. This book will provide an important,
comprehensive, accessible resource for students and researchers
that will drive further research in the field, and it will
carefully connect this material back to the broader disciplines of
historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and theoretical
linguistics. • Competition o Existing books are inaccessible to
more junior readers on account of format and narrowness (students
and researchers not already expert in this subject), outdated, or
focused on a related subject without coverage of this subject. This
book steps into the gap and offers a detailed introduction to
linguistic cycles by the absolute world expert on the subject.
This innovative volume offers a comprehensive account of the study
of language change in verb meaning in the history of the English
language. Integrating both the author's previous body of work and
new research, the book explores the complex dynamic between
linguistic structures, morphosyntactic and semantics, and the
conceptual domain of meaning, employing a consistent theoretical
treatment for analyzing different classes of predicates. Building
on this analysis, each chapter connects the implications of these
findings from diachronic change with data from language
acquisition, offering a unique perspective on the faculty of
language and the cognitive system. In bringing together a unique
combination of theoretical approaches to provide an in-depth
analysis of the history of diachronic change in verb meaning, this
book is a key resource to researchers in historical linguistics,
theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, language acquisition,
and the history of English.
This innovative volume offers a comprehensive account of the study
of language change in verb meaning in the history of the English
language. Integrating both the author's previous body of work and
new research, the book explores the complex dynamic between
linguistic structures, morphosyntactic and semantics, and the
conceptual domain of meaning, employing a consistent theoretical
treatment for analyzing different classes of predicates. Building
on this analysis, each chapter connects the implications of these
findings from diachronic change with data from language
acquisition, offering a unique perspective on the faculty of
language and the cognitive system. In bringing together a unique
combination of theoretical approaches to provide an in-depth
analysis of the history of diachronic change in verb meaning, this
book is a key resource to researchers in historical linguistics,
theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, language acquisition,
and the history of English.
A new title from Routledge's Critical Concepts in Linguistics
series, History of the English Language is a four-volume collection
covering the main linguistic issues in the phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics of the history
of English.
The volume assembles eleven articles presenting a linguistic
approach to the grammar of German, English and the diachronic
forerunners of English. Common to all is a theoretical discussion
against the background of Chomskyan minimalism (1993) and more
recent developments of it (Kayne 1993, Chomsky 1995), all of which
make language typology comparisons an interesting proposition. Some
of the articles are critical of certain aspects of these
theoretical approaches. For all their claims to descriptive
universality, it transpires that they fail to address a number of
features specific to German.
This book is about what the 'lack' of agreement indicates about the
structure of language. Rather than assuming that mistakes occur in
languages, disagreement can be seen as an indication of a certain
structural relationship. In a Minimalist framework, the partial
agreement or complete lack of agreement is determined by when
checking of case and agreement takes place and with what nominal
element. Earlier work has shown that there may be variation
regarding the number of functional categories a language activates.
If that account is correct, languages with fewer functional
categories (Dutch and Old English) will also have fewer specifiers
and therefore less Spec-Head agreement. In these cases, government
will play a role in the checking of case and agreement. There are,
however, other reasons for the 'breakdown'. For instance,
expletives play a major role and they may only be specified for
some features (number or person) and when they agree with the verb,
the 'real' subject does not. Two additional reasons are discussed:
the impact from grammaticalization and from asymmetrical (e.g.
coordinate) structures. The focus is on Modern, Old and Middle
English and Dutch, but other Germanic languages (German, Swedish,
Yiddish), Romance languages (Catalan, French, Italian, Spanish),
Arabic, Chamorro, Hebrew, Hopi, Kirundi, O'odham, Navajo, and
Urdu/Hindi are discussed as well.
This volume collects ten studies that propose modern methodologies
of analyzing and explaining language change in the case of various
morpho-phonological and morpho-syntactic characteristics. The
studies were first presented in the fourth, fifth and sixth
workshops at the “Language Variation and Change in Ancient and
Medieval Europe” summer schools, organized on the island of
Naxos, Cyclades, Greece and online between 2019 and 2021. The book
is divided into two parts that both focus on modern tools and
methodologies of analyzing and accounting for language change. The
first part focuses on common directions of change in Indo-European
languages and beyond, and the second part emphasizes explanations
that reveal the role of language contact. The volume promotes a
dialogue between approaches to language change having their
starting point in structural and typological aspects of the history
of languages on the one hand, and approaches concentrating on
external factors on the other. Through this dialogue, the volume
enriches knowledge on the contrast or complementarity of
internally- and externally-motivated causes of language change.
This textbook invites the student to explore early English syntax
by looking at the linguistic characteristics of well- known texts
throughout the early history of English. It shows how that piece of
the language fits in to the broader picture of how English is
developing and introduces the student to the real writing of the
period as you look at the original manuscript version of selected
excerpts. For each text, issues such as the word order, the
presence of auxiliaries, articles, and pronouns, the types of
pronouns, and the nature of complex sentences are explored. It is
designed for those who have already been introduced to the history
of English and who are now going on to look more closely at the
syntax and morphology using actual manuscripts. With an emphasis on
the original manuscript, this book equips you with the tools to
analyse linguistic characteristics of a variety of texts and
periods in the early history of English.
This textbook invites the student to explore early English syntax
by looking at the linguistic characteristics of well- known texts
throughout the early history of English. It shows how that piece of
the language fits in to the broader picture of how English is
developing and introduces the student to the real writing of the
period as you look at the original manuscript version of selected
excerpts. For each text, issues such as the word order, the
presence of auxiliaries, articles, and pronouns, the types of
pronouns, and the nature of complex sentences are explored. It is
designed for those who have already been introduced to the history
of English and who are now going on to look more closely at the
syntax and morphology using actual manuscripts. With an emphasis on
the original manuscript, this book equips you with the tools to
analyse linguistic characteristics of a variety of texts and
periods in the early history of English.
Clause structure is the most widely-studied phenomenon within
syntactic theory, because it refers to how words and phrases are
embedded within a sentence, their relationships to each other
within a sentence, and ultimately, how sentences are layered and
represented in the human brain. This volume presents a clear and
up-to-date overview of the Minimalist Program, synthesizes the most
important research findings, and explores the major shifts in
generative syntax. As an accessible topic book, it includes
chapters on framework, the clause in general, and the semantic,
grammatical and pragmatic layers. Designed for graduate students
and researchers interested in syntactic theory, this book includes
a range of examples taken from data acquisition, typology and
language change, alongside discussion questions, helpful
suggestions for further reading and a useful glossary.
In this pioneering study, a world-renowned generative syntactician
explores the impact of phenomena known as 'third factors' on
syntactic change. Generative syntax has in recent times
incorporated third factors - factors not specific to the language
faculty - into its framework, including minimal search, labelling,
determinacy and economy. Van Gelderen's study applies these
principles to language change, arguing that change is a cyclical
process, and that third factor principles must combine with
linguistic information to fully account for the cyclical
development of 'optimal' language structures. Third Factor
Principles also account for language variation around that-trace
phenomena, CP-deletion, and the presence of expletives and
Verb-second. By linking insights from recent theoretical advances
in generative syntax to phenomena from language variation and
change, this book provides a unique perspective, making it
essential reading for academic researchers and students in
syntactic theory and historical linguistics.
Clause structure is the most widely-studied phenomenon within
syntactic theory, because it refers to how words and phrases are
embedded within a sentence, their relationships to each other
within a sentence, and ultimately, how sentences are layered and
represented in the human brain. This volume presents a clear and
up-to-date overview of the Minimalist Program, synthesizes the most
important research findings, and explores the major shifts in
generative syntax. As an accessible topic book, it includes
chapters on framework, the clause in general, and the semantic,
grammatical and pragmatic layers. Designed for graduate students
and researchers interested in syntactic theory, this book includes
a range of examples taken from data acquisition, typology and
language change, alongside discussion questions, helpful
suggestions for further reading and a useful glossary.
Elly van Gelderen provides examples of linguistic cycles from a
number of languages and language families, along with an account of
the linguistic cycle in terms of minimalist economy principles. A
cycle involves grammaticalization from lexical to functional
category followed by renewal. Some well-known cycles involve
negatives, where full negative phrases are reanalyzed as words and
affixes and are then renewed by full phrases again. Verbal
agreement is another example: full pronouns are reanalyzed as
agreement markers and are renewed again. Each chapter provides data
on a separate cycle from a myriad of languages. Van Gelderen argues
that the cross-linguistic similarities can be seen as Economy
Principles present in the initial cognitive system or Universal
Grammar. She further claims that some of the cycles can be used to
classify a language as analytic or synthetic, and she provides
insight into the shape of the earliest human language and how it
evolved.
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