The National Academies Roundtable on Aligning Incentives for Open Science, established in 2019, has taken on an important role in addressing issues with open science. The roundtable convenes critical stakeholders to discuss the effectiveness of current incentives for adopting open science practices, current barriers of all types, and ways to move forward in order to align reward structures and institutional values. The Roundtable convened a virtual public workshop on fostering open science practices on November 5, 2020. The broad goal of the workshop was to identify paths to growing the nascent coalition of stakeholders committed to reenvisioning credit/reward systems (e.g., academic hiring, tenure and promotion, and grants)to fully incentivize open science practices. The workshop explored the information and resource needs of researchers, research institutions, government agencies, philanthropies, professional societies, and other stakeholders interested in further supporting and implementing open science practices. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Adopting and Utilizing a Toolkit for Open Science: Stakeholder Perspectives 3 Roundtable Priorities for Advancing Open Science References Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographies of Speakers and Moderators Appendix C: Toolkit Elements

Even as malnutrition in the form of hunger and obesity affect the health and well-being of millions of people worldwide, a significant amount of food is lost or wasted every day, in every country, and at every stage in the supply chain from the farm to the household. According to a 2011 estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), about one-third of food produced is lost or wasted globally. Beyond quantity estimates, however, less is known about the impacts on farmers, food prices, food availability, and environment of reducing food loss and waste. On October 17, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop to examine key challenges that arise in reducing food loss and waste throughout the supply chain and discussed potential ways to address these challenges. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Metrics for Understanding Food Loss and Waste 3 Impact of E-Commerce, New Tools, Policies, and Measures 4 Impacts of Reducing Food Loss and Waste on Food Availability 5 Impacts of Reducing Food Loss and Waste on Food Prices and Farm Incomes 6 Impacts of Food Loss and Waste on the Environment and Health 7 Future Needs and Opportunities Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographies of Speakers and Moderators Appendix C: Workshop Participants Appendix D: Descriptions of Selected Activities Related to Reducing Food Loss and Waste

In November 2018, National Academy of Sciences (NAS) President Marcia McNutt visited China for the first time in her official role. As part of this visit, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Science and Technology for Sustainability (STS) program and the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized a one-day workshop relating to urban sustainability in Beijing. The goal of the visit was to begin to explore some areas where the U.S. National Academies and the Chinese Academy might develop collaboration. At the same time, the trip provided an opportunity to develop links to other parts of the science and technology community in China. To further elucidate some of these issues and build upon current partnerships, an expert committee under the STS program, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, organized a one-day public workshop on urban sustainability in China and the United States, held on December 16, 2019. The workshop focused on the intersection of urban climate change mitigation and adaptation, urban health, and sustainable transportation, including green infrastructure and urban flooding in both countries. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 Current Landscape for Sustainable Urbanization Research and Practice in the United States and China 3 Urban Sustainability Research Activities at the University Level 4 Architecture, Urban Design, and Sustainable Cities in China and the United States 5 Data and Earth Observation for Decision Making 6 Addressing Key Intersecting Issues in Urban Sustainability 7 The Way Forward: Future Needs and Opportunities Appendix A: Workshop Agenda Appendix B: Biographies of Speakers and Moderators Appendix C: Registered Workshop Participants