Instruments for Research into Second Languages is an accessible introduction to understanding and evaluating existing and emerging methodologies in L2 research. The book provides an introduction to the data collection materials available in the IRIS database. IRIS is an open access, searchable repository of instruments used to elicit data for research into second and foreign language learning and teaching. The book is aimed at graduate students, researchers and educators in the fields of Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. Featuring contributions from top scholars in the field, this dynamic volume includes empirical research carried out using innovative instruments held in IRIS, offering insights into their basic mechanics, how and why they are used, as well as the challenges they can present. The chapters describe the kinds of data (evidence about knowledge, processing, interaction, learning, and motivation) that result from these methods, and they discuss conditions that lead to reliable and valid data collection and analysis. This unique collection provides researchers, professionals, and students with up-to-date responses to practical and theoretical questions about how second language learning and teaching can be investigated using the IRIS database of instruments. IRIS was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and is a long term British Academy Research Project.

Instruments for Research into Second Languages is an accessible introduction to understanding and evaluating existing and emerging methodologies in L2 research. The book provides an introduction to the data collection materials available in the IRIS database. IRIS is an open access, searchable repository of instruments used to elicit data for research into second and foreign language learning and teaching. The book is aimed at graduate students, researchers and educators in the fields of Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition. Featuring contributions from top scholars in the field, this dynamic volume includes empirical research carried out using innovative instruments held in IRIS, offering insights into their basic mechanics, how and why they are used, as well as the challenges they can present. The chapters describe the kinds of data (evidence about knowledge, processing, interaction, learning, and motivation) that result from these methods, and they discuss conditions that lead to reliable and valid data collection and analysis. This unique collection provides researchers, professionals, and students with up-to-date responses to practical and theoretical questions about how second language learning and teaching can be investigated using the IRIS database of instruments. IRIS was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council and is a long term British Academy Research Project.

Written by a team of leading experts working in different SLA specialisms, this fourth edition is a clear and concise introduction to the main theories of second language acquisition (SLA) from multiple perspectives, comprehensively updated to reflect the very latest developments SLA research in recent years. The book covers all the main theoretical perspectives currently active in SLA and sets each chapter within a broader framework. Each chapter examines the claims and scope of each theory and how each views language, the learner and the acquisition process, supplemented by summaries of key studies and data examples from a variety of languages. Chapters end with an evaluative summary of the theories discussed. Key features to this fourth edition include updated accounts of developments in cognitive approaches to second language (L2) learning, the implications of advances in generative linguistics and the "social turn" in L2 research, with re-worked chapters on functional, sociocultural and sociolinguistic perspectives, and an entirely new chapter on theory integration, in addition to updated examples using new studies. Second Language Learning Theories continues to be an essential resource for graduate students in second language acquisition.

150 simple ways to use this amazing, low cost ingredient. Cleaning, cooking and everything in between! Make delicious dips and marinades Soften your towels Do away with dandruff Descale your kettle Discover sumptuous slow roasts Tone greasy skin Freshen your beauty brushes Create the perfect pavlova Brimming with tips, tricks and recipes for everything from ferments to fresheners, salad dressings to skincare. Let this book show you the true miracle of vinegar. This book will help you make the most of this store cupboard staple, while also providing an afforable, natural and eco-friendly alternative to other cleaning products. Whisked along with the no-nonsense, tongue-in-cheek voice of Aggie MacKenzie, of How Clean Is Your House? fame, you’ll soon discover the hundreds of uses for vinegar beyond being scrumptious sprinkled over your fish and chips!

Written by a team of leading experts working in different SLA specialisms, this fourth edition is a clear and concise introduction to the main theories of second language acquisition (SLA) from multiple perspectives, comprehensively updated to reflect the very latest developments SLA research in recent years. The book covers all the main theoretical perspectives currently active in SLA and sets each chapter within a broader framework. Each chapter examines the claims and scope of each theory and how each views language, the learner and the acquisition process, supplemented by summaries of key studies and data examples from a variety of languages. Chapters end with an evaluative summary of the theories discussed. Key features to this fourth edition include updated accounts of developments in cognitive approaches to second language (L2) learning, the implications of advances in generative linguistics and the "social turn" in L2 research, with re-worked chapters on functional, sociocultural and sociolinguistic perspectives, and an entirely new chapter on theory integration, in addition to updated examples using new studies. Second Language Learning Theories continues to be an essential resource for graduate students in second language acquisition.