This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2007, held in Innsbruck, Austria, in June 2007. Coverage includes semantic Web services, ontology learning, inference and mapping, social semantic Web, ontologies, personalization, foundations of the semantic Web, natural languages and ontologies, and querying and Web data models.

This book presents thoroughly arranged tutorial papers corresponding to lectures given by leading researchers at the Second International Summer School on Reasoning Web in Lisbon, Portugal, in September 2006.

Building on the predessor school held in 2005 and published as LNCS 3564, the ten tutorial lectures presented provide competent coverage of current topics in semantic Web research and development. The lectures are organized in topical sections on semantic Web query languages; semantic Web rules and ontologies; bioinformatics and medical ontologies and industrial aspects.

The Semantic Web is one of the major current endeavours of applied computer science. The Semantic Web aims at enriching the existing Web with meta-data and processing methods so as to provide Web-based systems with advanced (- called intelligent) capabilities, in particular with context-awarenessand decision support. TheadvancedcapabilitiesrequiredinmostSemanticWebapplicationscen- ios primarily call for reasoning. Reasoning capabilities are o?ered by Semantic Web languages that are currently being developed. Most of these languages, however,are developed mainly from functionality-centred perspectives (e.g., - tology reasoning or access validation) or application-centred perspectives (e.g., Web service retrieval and composition). A perspective centred on the reasoning techniques complementing the above-mentioned activities appears desirable for Semantic Web systems and applications. The Summer School is devoted to this perspective. The "ReasoningWeb" series of annual Summer Schools was started in 2005 on behalf of the work package "Education and Training (ET)" of the Network of Excellence REWERSE. This year's edition focused on the use of semantic technologies to enhance data access on the Web. For this reason, courses presented a range of techniques and formalisms which bridge semantic-based and data-intensive systems.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning, RuleML+RR 2017, held in London, UK, during July 2017. This is the first conference of a new series, joining the efforts of two existing conference series, namely "RuleML" (International Web Rule Symposium) and "RR" (Web Reasoning and Rule Systems). The 16 regular papers presented together with 2 keynote abstracts were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The RR conference series has been a forum for discussion and dissemination of new results on all topics concerning Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, with an emphasis on rule-based approaches and languages. The RuleML conference series has been devoted to disseminating research, applications, languages and standards for rule technologies, with attention to both theoretical and practical developments, to challenging new ideas and industrial applications. Both series of conferences aimed at building bridges between academia and industry in the field of rules and their applications. Therefore, RuleML+RR is expected to become a leading conference for all subjects concerning theoretical advances, novel technologies, and innovative applications about knowledge representation and reasoning with rules. This new joint conference provides a valuable forum for stimulating cooperation and cross-fertilization between the many different communities focused on the research, development and applications of rule-based systems. It provides the possibility to present and discuss applications of rules and reasoning in academia, industry, engineering, business, finance, healthcare and other application areas.