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There is no respect for mere age in Science or Technology. Yet the
cen tenary of the discovery, by the third Lord Rayleigh, that
elastic waves can be guided by a surface, is memorable for the
contradictions which it encompasses: Rayleigh's assessment of his
classic 1885 paper as a rather minor mathematical development with
a potential value only in seismology on the one hand; on the other
the rediscovery of the subject in a totally that of electronic
signal processing - which has led to its different fiel- explosive
growth over the last twenty years. The new surface acoustic wave
(SAW) devices have proved to be per electronic components. Today
almost all television receivers con vasive tain one or more SAW
filters, sophisticated radars depend on SAW signal processing, and
SAW devices have been incorporated in ultra-high perfor mance
opto-electronic systems. With the objective of surveying these
developments and attempting to predict those that can be foreseen,
as well as marking the centenary of Lord Rayleigh's discovery, The
Rank Prize Funds' Committee for Opto Electronics organised a
symposium in London, in July 1985. It was held in the Royal
Institution, London, where Rayleigh himself once worked and often
lectured. The present volume is the tangible outcome of the
symposium, In which international experts survey.ed their various
fields, and presented the most exciting recent developments."
Unhealthy interservice rivalry due to poor ethical conduct on the
part of individuals and the general military bureaucratic system
has long been, and continues to be, problematic for harmonious
joint military activity. This paper argues a common code of
military virtues would help promote healthy interservice
competition and retard unhealthy rivalry by improving the ethical
focus of jointness. The study begins with analysis of interservice
rivalry, assessing causes and situational variables. Rivalry is
traditional and exists due to competing paradigms based on
functional differences and competition for resources. It is
personal, and it is institutional. Interservice competition itself
is not a bad thing-for it can produce initiative, efficiency, and
esprit de corps. If manifested in lying or other breaches of
integrity, however, interservice rivalry becomes unhealthy to
working relations between the military services. This was the
situation in the historical case study of the "Revolt of the
Admirals" in 1949. After showing unhealthy interservice rivalry at
work in this case, this study analyzes ethics, integrity, values,
and virtues to argue virtues are fundamental to healthy jointness.
Presently the Air Force, Army, Navy and Marines have different
"core values" to help members focus on professional performance.
Yet, all members of the same profession of arms, regardless of
service component, should have a common virtuous bond-which
different core values may not effectively promote. A better system
would be to use the West Point motto, "Duty, Honor, Country," or a
DoD code of virtues, since virtues correspond more appropriately
than values to morality and ethics. Suggested in the paper is a
code of cardinal virtues, based on the four ancient cardinal
virtues-prudence (or wisdom), fortitude (courage), temperance
(selflessness), and justice (truthfulness). If leadership
implements it properly through a continuing educational program, a
code of virtues could help cure
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