More than 40 years after the official recognition of infantile autism in DSM-III, numerous questions remain about autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-its possible causes, assessment, and most effective treatments. This second edition of the Textbook of Autism Spectrum Disorders features contributions from dozens of experts as it reviews the latest research on these topics and more. As ambitious in scope and exhaustive as the preceding edition, this guide is organized by sections that tackle: * Assessment and evaluation, including recognizing the lower- and higher-order repetitive behaviors characteristic of ASD, as well as its comorbidities. Chapters also discuss the roles that racial and ethnic disparities, gender and sexual identities,and biomarkers and technology-including smart home devices and augmented reality technology-can play in assessment and evaluation.* The possible causes of autism, from prenatal, perinatal, and parental risk factors to syndromic causes of ASD, updates on genetic testing, and the effect of environmental factors and immune dysregulation.* Standard and experimental treatments in autism. Chapters analyze the role of pharmacotherapies such as serotonergic antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, and experimental therapeutics (e.g., oxytocin, vasopressin) as well as the use of cannabis, cannabinoids, and immunomodulatory agents. The book also examines behavioral treatments, interventions in schools, complementary and integrative medicine approaches, stem cell and gene therapies, and more.* Social policy issues, including the role of patient advocacy groups in treatment development and an examination of autism strengths and the growing emphasis on recognizing neurodiversity. Unrivaled in its thoroughness, the book includes summary points in each chapter for ease of reference and lists of recommended readings that offer readers the opportunity for further study and exploration. For all those in the ASD continuum of care-psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists, social workers, speech therapists, educators, and patient families-this is an essential resource.

Designed for clinicians at every level, The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Anxiety, Trauma, and OCD-Related Disorders addresses the origin, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders in a comprehensive, up-to-date, and compelling manner. Fresh voices are everywhere in this authoritative revision of the classic text, as more than 60% of the contributors are new. They join stalwarts from the previous edition-experts who bring stellar credentials and a discerning eye to the task of revising the text to reflect cutting-edge scholarship and evidence-based clinical knowledge. Following a comprehensive overview of core principles, the book provides detailed coverage of specific DSM-5 diagnoses: generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Each section presents the latest thinking on phenomenology and pathogenesis, then provides evidence-based clinical recommendations for pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. New and noteworthy material includes the following: * Two new chapters focus on the features, phenomenology, and course of acute and integrated grief, as well as the epidemiology, clinical features, evaluation, and pathophysiology of complicated grief (CG), which affects a significant minority. Proper treatment of CG is critical, because once it persists beyond 6 months, impairment may last for years, if not a lifetime. Accordingly, a separate chapter is devoted to treatment options, including a hybrid of cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, motivational interviewing, and psychodynamic methods.* The Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is examined in a fascinating new chapter. The UP is a promising treatment with empirical support for reduction of both symptoms and higher-order temperamental changes, such as changes in neuroticism, an underlying mechanism associated with onset and maintenance of emotional disorders.* The chapter on anxiety disorders in late life is completely new and emphasizes the prevalence of anxiety in this population and its likelihood of remaining undetected and untreated. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders are examined in detail so that the reader will recognize the clinical features, be able to differentiate them from depression, and can identify appropriate treatment, whether pharmacological or psychotherapeutic.* Each chapter features a concise list of key clinical points to help the reader focus on the most important material for study, as well as a list of recommended reading for those who wish to learn more. Grounded in the latest research, clinically rich, and pedagogically strong, The American Psychiatric Association Publishing Textbook of Anxiety, Trauma, and OCD-Related Disorders is the go-to text for mental health clinicians looking for evidence-based knowledge and support.

The five-year process of preparing for the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) has been organized around a series of conferences convened by the American Psychiatric Association, in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the U.S. National Institutes of Health, to address the future of psychiatric diagnosis. Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V is the fruit of one of those conferences and presents the most academically sound, thought-provoking, and timely papers from the proceedings.

As the conference and book demonstrate, recent advances in psychiatric diagnosis suggest a new approach to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) classification: - Research into the pathogenesis of OCD increasingly supports reclassification out of the anxiety disorders and into a separate group of obsessive-compulsive-related disorders (OCRDs). - The relationships among OCRDs may be better defined, delineated, and understood if the current categorical diagnostic approach is supplemented with a dimensional approach which assesses obsessive-compulsive symptom domains.- Obsessive-compulsive disorders are believed to be underdiagnosed in patients who complain of broad symptoms of anxiety, and reclassification of OCD as an OCRD would promote more careful examination of distinct obsessive-compulsive symptoms, yield more accurate diagnosis, and result in more effective treatments.- Reclassification may facilitate future research directions in examining the biological underpinnings of these disorders.

In addition to examining the genetic, neurological, and ethno-cultural bases for OCRDs, the book gives special attention to disorders that cross current diagnostic categories, including: - Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)- Tourette's syndrome and trichotillomania- Impulse-control disorders

The process leading to publication of DSM-V is by its nature an exhaustive and complex one, and the conferences play a critical role in reviewing relevant research, assessing the status of scientific knowledge, and advancing that knowledge base. Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM-V represents the cutting-edge thinking that will culminate in new diagnoses, classifications, and standards of practice for this debilitating set of disorders. Clinicians and academicians will be fascinated by this glimpse into the next generation of the DSM-V.

Reflecting tremendous gains over the past decade in our understanding of the causes of autism, Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism meets the increasing need for clear, up-to-date, and evidence-based treatment. Internationally known researchers -- who are also skilled in treating patients with autism -- share treatment approaches they have either developed or thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy.

The book describes in a straightforward manner how to diagnose autism, recognizing that patients may vary greatly in intelligence, language ability, disruptive behavior, and presence of comorbid disorders. It outlines the appropriate instruments to use for particular patients, providing examples and guidelines for evaluation and testing of individuals of all ages and levels of functioning, with a focus on initial diagnostic evaluation. It also evaluates the appropriate role of various medications for specific target symptoms and individuals: SSRIs and antidepressants, focusing on the rationale for their use and clinical trials in autism; anticonvulsants and mood stabilizers used to treat disruptive behaviors and mood instability; conventional and atypical antipsychotics, emphasizing studies using random assignment to active and control treatments; cholinesterase inhibitors, focusing on cholinergic mechanisms and treatment experience in autism; and stimulants and nonstimulants for the treatment of pervasive developmental disorder accompanied by hyperactivity, distractibility, and impulsiveness. In addition to pharmacological approaches, the book presents psychosocial treatments and includes well-accepted psychoeducational models for which there is sufficient evidence to recommend their use. In these chapters, the book: - Covers the use of applied behavior analysis, the DIR/Floortime approach, and peer relationship interventions.- Presents educational approaches, based on the experience of the TEACCH program in North Carolina, describing how its fundamental principles are utilized across the age spectrum.- Describes complementary and alternative treatments -- such as therapies targeting gastrointestinal function or the immune system or the use of nutritional supplements -- with an eye toward helping parents make informed choices.- Explores promising new avenues of treatment to address issues related to cognition and social and language deficits, focusing particularly on the potential of medications that target the glutamate and oxytocin brain systems.

Clinical Manual for the Treatment of Autism is an essential resource for a broad range of professionals, including psychiatrists, pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists, educators, and behavioral, speech, and occupational therapists. It is a state-of-the-art compendium of treatments that will help advance the care that people with autism receive.

Visibility of impulse-control disorders (ICDs) has never been greater than it is today, both in the field of psychiatry and in popular culture. Changes in both society and technology have contributed to the importance of conceptualizing, assessing, and treating impulse-control disorders (ICDs). The ground-breaking Clinical Manual of Impulse-Control Disorders focuses on all of the different ICDs as a group. Here, 25 recognized experts provide cutting-edge, concise, and practical information about ICDs, beginning with the phenomenology, assessment, and classification of impulsivity as a core symptom domain that cuts across and drives the expression of these complex disorders. Subsequent chapters discuss • Intermittent explosive disorder, an often overlooked ICD characterized by impulsive aggression. • Childhood conduct disorder and the antisocial spectrum. • Self-injurious behavior and its relationship to impulsive aggression and childhood trauma. • Sexual compulsions and their serious public health implications. • Binge eating, a highly familial disorder associated with serious medical complications and psychopathology. • Trichotillomania, which may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder, skin picking, and nail biting. • Kleptomania, a heterogeneous disorder that shares features with ICDs as well as with mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders. • Compulsive shopping, more common in women, with treatments ranging from self-help and financial counseling to trials with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. • Pyromania and how it differs from arson. • Pathological gambling, a maladaptive behavioral addiction that is increasing in step with legalized and Internet gambling. • Internet addiction, ranging from excessive seeking of medical information to dangerous sexual behaviors. The remarkable Clinical Manual of Impulse-Control Disorders sheds light on the complex world of ICDs. As such, it will be welcomed not only by clinicians and researchers but also by individuals and family members coping with these disorders.

Throughout history, people have invented many different ways to inflict direct and deliberate physical injury on themselves -- without an intent to die. Even today, the concept and practice of self-injury is sanctioned by some cultures, although condemned by most.

This insightful work fills a gap in the literature on pathologic self-injury. The phenomenon of people physically hurting themselves is heterogeneous in nature, disturbing in its impact on the self and others, frightening in its blatant maladaptiveness, and often indicative of serious developmental disturbances, breaks with reality, or deficits in the regulation of affects, aggressive impulses, or self states. Further complicating our understanding is the large and diverse scope of psychiatric conditions, such as pervasive developmental disorders, Tourette's syndrome, and psychosis, in which these behaviors occur.

This volume presents a comprehensive nosology of self-injurious behaviors, classifying them as stereotypic, major, compulsive, and impulsive (with greater emphasis on the last two categories because they are the most commonly seen). - The chapter on stereotypic self-injurious behaviors (highly repetitive, monotonous behaviors usually devoid of meaning, such as head-banging) focuses on the neurochemical systems underlying the various forms of stereotypic movement disorders with self-injurious behaviors, typically seen in patients with mental retardation and autism, and discusses their psychopharmacological management.- The chapter on psychotic, or major, self-injurious behaviors (severe, life-threatening behaviors, such as castration) presents a multidimensional approach to evaluating and treating patients with psychosis and self-injurious behaviors, including the neuroanatomy and neurobiology of sensory information processing as background for its discussion of neurobiological studies and psychopharmacological treatments.- Chapters on the neurobiology of and psychopharmacology and psychotherapies for compulsive self-injurious behaviors (repetitive, ritualistic behaviors, such as trichotillomania hair-pulling]) offer much-needed biological research and the first empirical treatment studies on compulsive self-injurious behaviors, and argue that a distinction can indeed be made between compulsive and impulsive self-injurious behaviors.- Chapters on the neurobiology, psychopharmacology, and dialectic behavior and psychodynamic theory and treatment of impulsive self-injurious behaviors (habitual, chronic behaviors, such as skin picking) supplement the few neurobiological studies measuring impulsivity, aggression, dissociation, and suicide and detail the efficacy of various medications and psychotherapies.

An eminently practical guide with exhaustive references to the latest data and research findings, this concise volume contains clinical material and therapeutic interventions that can be used right away by clinicians to better understand and treat patients with these complex and disturbing behaviors.

In DSM-5, published in 2013, the classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was created, subsuming several diagnoses and representing a significant evolution from its first appearance in the DSM-III three decades earlier. Autism Spectrum Disorders reflects this evolution, offering clinicians and families a succinct, definitive, and up-to-date guide to current research in the field and its impact on assessment and treatment. The book begins with the epidemiology of ASDs, which have increased in prevalence, and explores genetic heritability and environmental risk factors. It then explains the roles of the psychiatrist, neurologist and pediatrician in assessing the patient, examines assessment tools and processes, and describes the latest advances in a variety of treatments and interventions. The text's focus is on educating and empowering families and health care providers to determine whether appropriate genetic testing and counseling have been undertaken, whether the individual has had the relevant assessment, and whether skilled behavioral treatment and additional medical assessment or treatment are required. Specifically, the text: • Reviews existing prevalence estimates for ASDs since 2000 and discusses methodological factors impacting the estimation of prevalence and the interpretation of changes in prevalence estimates over time. • Evaluates genomic and epigenomic research over the last decade in the context of translating findings to practice, in terms of testing (e.g., copy number variants and whole-exome sequencing) and counseling. • Examines the role of environmental toxicity in immune dysregulation, which has now been noted among individuals with ASD and their family members by numerous studies. • Reviews medical and cognitive assessments that may be needed. • Reviews targeted treatments that have the potential to reverse neurobiological abnormalities in ASD • Reviews behavioral treatments that are effective in promoting development and improving behavior. • Describes the Developmental, Individual Difference, Relationship-based (DIR) model, a comprehensive developmental theory with relevance across the lifespan, which targets the core deficits of ASD identified in DSM-5. • Provides an overview of school-based interventions for students with autism, exploring the rationale for conducting school-based research and examining existing teacher-, paraprofessional-, and peer-mediated interventions school-based interventions. • Explores other approaches to ASDs, such as complementary and integrative approaches and non-invasive brain stimulation technologies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation. The push for early screening is resulting in earlier diagnosis of ASDs and the provision of evidence-based interventions that have a positive impact on outcomes. Autism Spectrum Disorders provides a bench-to-bedside guide that is essential reading for health care providers and families facing the challenges inherent in these complex disorders.