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Wastewater disinfection is practiced with the goal of reducing
risks of human exposure to pathogenic microorganisms. Ideally, this
goal is to be met without introducing other risks, such as those
that could be associated with disinfection by-products. The purpose
of this research was to assess the effects of wastewater
disinfection on human health. This assessment was conducted by
examining two fundamental questions regarding the application of
disinfection: 1. Should municipal wastewater effluents be
disinfected prior to discharge?; and, 2. Under circumstances where
disinfection is necessary, how should it be accomplished?
Undisinfected effluent samples from a several municipal wastewater
treatment facilities were collected for analysis. The facilities
selected for sampling were chosen to represent a broad spectrum of
effluent qualities. Facilities were selected to provide a broad
spectrum of effluent quality, particularly as related to
nitrogenous compounds. Samples were subjected to bench-scale
disinfection under conditions that allowed compliance with relevant
discharge regulations, and such that disinfectant exposures could
be accurately quantified. Disinfectants applied in this research
included chlorine and UV radiation. Disinfected samples were
subjected to a battery of microbiological assays to assess the
immediate and long-term effects of disinfectant exposure on
bacteria and viruses.
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