This book is a result of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on New Directions for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, held in Sintra, Portugal, October 6-10, 1990. The main idea behind the workshop was to bring together scientists with different concerns about Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in order to discuss the positive and negative aspects of the current architecture paradigm (expert module, student module, instructional module, and interface module) and, eventually, propose some modifications or radical changes to it. This was a consequence of the increasing malaise felt currently by researchers in the area of artificial intelligence and education and in particular by those concerned with ITS. One symptom of this state of affairs is the fact that people have started talking about Intelligent Learning Environ ments (lLE) instead of ITS. To understand the reasons for this situation we promoted the discussion of questions like: - To what extent do we need the technology of expert systems in ITS? Which other relevant AI techniques and methodologies are urgently needed? - Is ITS a tool for knowledge communication or is it rather a belief system? - How can the research already done on interactions among agents be utilized? - Is it possible to find a fonnal theory to describe and solve the current problems with ITS? The book contains the revised versions of the papers presented at the workshop. The new texts reflect the discussions that took place at the meeting.

This book presents the refereed joint proceedings of seven workshops on evolutionary computing, EvoWorkshops 2006, held in Budapest in April 2006. 65 revised full papers and 13 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 149 submissions. The book is organized in topical sections including evolutionary bioinformatics, evolutionary computation in communications, networks, and connected systems, and more.

In this volume we present the accepted contributions for the 7th European C- ference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP 2004). The conference took place on 5 7 April 2004 in Portugal at the University of Coimbra, in the Department of Mathematics in Pra, ca Dom Dinis, located on the hill above the old town. EuroGP is a well-established conference and the sole one exclusively de- ted to Genetic Programming. Previous proceedings have all been published by Springer-Verlag in the LNCS series. EuroGP began as an international wor- hop in Paris, France in 1998 (14 15 April, LNCS 1391). Subsequently the wor- hop was held in G] oteborg, Sweden in 1999 (26 27 May, LNCS 1598) and then EuroGP became an annual conference: in 2000 in Edinburgh, UK (15 16 April, LNCS 1802), in 2001 at Lake Como, Italy (18 19 April, LNCS 2038), in 2002 in Kinsale, Ireland (3 5 April, LNCS 2278), and in 2003 in Colchester, UK (14 16 April, LNCS 2610). From the outset, there have always been specialized wor- hops, co-located with EuroGP, focusing on applications of evolutionary al- rithms (LNCS 1468, 1596, 1803, 2037, 2279, and 2611). This year the EvoCOP workshop on combinatorial optimization transformed itself into a conference in its own right, and the two conferences, together with the EvoWorkshops, EvoBIO, EvoIASP, EvoMUSART, EvoSTOC, EvoHOT, and EvoCOMNET, now form one of the largest events dedicated to Evolutionary Computation in Europe."

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2003, held in Essex, UK in April 2003. The 45 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 61 submissions. All current aspects of genetic programming and genetic algorithms are addressed, ranging from foundational, theoretical, and methodological issues to advanced applications in various fields.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA '97, held in Coimbra, Portugal, in October 1997.
The volume presents 24 revised full papers and 9 revised posters selected from 74 submissions from various countries. Also included are two full invited papers and two abstracts of invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on automated reasoning and theorem proving; CBR and machine learning; constraints; intelligent tutoring; knowledge representation; multi-agent systems and DAI; nonmonotonic, qualitative and temporal reasoning, and problem solving.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2016, held in Porto, Portugal, in March/April 2016 co-located with the Evo*2016 events: EvoCOP, EvoMUSART, and EvoApplications. The 11 revised full papers presented together with 8 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The wide range of topics in this volume reflects the current state of research in the field. Thus, we see topics as diverse as semantic methods, recursive programs, grammatical methods, coevolution, Cartesian GP, feature selection, metaheuristics, evolvability, and fitness predictors; and applications including image processing, one-class classification, SQL injection attacks, numerical modelling, streaming data classification, creation and optimisation of circuits, multi-class classification, scheduling in manufacturing and wireless networks.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2015, held in Coimbra, Portugal, in September 2015. The 45 revised full papers presented together with 36 revised short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 131 submissions. EPIA 2015, following the standard EPIA format, covers a wide range of AI topics as follows: ambient intelligence and affective environments, artificial Intelligence in medicine, artificial intelligence in transportation systems, artificial life and evolutionary algorithms, computational methods in bioinformatics and systems biology, general artificial intelligence, intelligent information systems, intelligent robotics, knowledge discovery and business intelligence, multi-agent systems: theory and applications, social simulation and modelling, text mining and applications.