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"Industrial applications of evolutionary algorithms" is intended as
a resource for both experienced users of evolutionary algorithms
and researchers that are beginning to approach these fascinating
optimization techniques. Experienced users will find interesting
details of real-world problems, advice on solving issues related to
fitness computation or modeling, and suggestions on how to set the
appropriate parameters to reach optimal solutions. Beginners will
find a thorough introduction to evolutionary computation, and a
complete presentation of several classes of evolutionary algorithms
exploited to solve different problems. Inside, scholars will find
useful examples on how to fill the gap between purely theoretical
examples and industrial problems. The collection of case studies
presented is also extremely appealing for anyone interested in
Evolutionary Computation, but without direct access to extensive
technical literature on the subject. After the introduction, each
chapter in the book presents a test case, and is organized so that
it can be read independently from the rest: all the information
needed to understand the problem and the approach is reported in
each part. Chapters are grouped by three themes of particular
interest for real-world applications, namely prototype-based
validation, reliability and test generation. The authors hope that
this volume will help to expose the flexibility and efficiency of
evolutionary techniques, encouraging more companies to adopt them;
and that, most of all, you will enjoy your reading.
This book summarizes the vast amount of research related to
teaching and learning probability that has been conducted for more
than 50 years in a variety of disciplines. It begins with a
synthesis of the most important probability interpretations
throughout history: intuitive, classical, frequentist, subjective,
logical propensity and axiomatic views. It discusses their possible
applications, philosophical problems, as well as their potential
and the level of interest they enjoy at different educational
levels. Next, the book describes the main features of probabilistic
thinking and reasoning, including the contrast to classical logic,
probability language features, the role of intuitions, as well as
paradoxes and the relevance of modeling. It presents an analysis of
the differences between conditioning and causation, the variability
expression in data as a sum of random and causal variations, as
well as those of probabilistic versus statistical thinking. This is
followed by an analysis of probability's role and main presence in
school curricula and an outline of the central expectations in
recent curricular guidelines at the primary, secondary and high
school level in several countries. This book classifies and
discusses in detail the three different research periods on
students' and people's intuitions and difficulties concerning
probability: early research focused on cognitive development, a
period of heuristics and biases programs, and the current period
marked by a multitude of foci, approaches and theoretical
frameworks.
This book describes an award-winning evolutionary algorithm that
outperformed experts and conventional heuristics in solving several
industrial problems. It presents a discussion of the theoretical
and practical aspects that enabled GP (MicroGP) to autonomously
find the optimal solution of hard problems, handling highly
structured data, such as full-fledged assembly programs, with
functions and interrupt handlers. For a practitioner, GP is simply
a versatile optimizer to tackle most problems with limited setup
effort. The book is valuable for all who require heuristic
problem-solving methodologies, such as engineers dealing with
verification and test of electronic circuits; or researchers
working in robotics and mobile communication. Examples are provided
to guide the reader through the process, from problem definition to
gathering results. For an evolutionary computation researcher, GP
may be regarded as a platform where new operators and strategies
can be easily tested. MicroGP (the toolkit) is an active project
hosted by Sourceforge: http://ugp3.sourceforge.net/
"Industrial applications of evolutionary algorithms" is intended as
a resource for both experienced users of evolutionary algorithms
and researchers that are beginning to approach these fascinating
optimization techniques. Experienced users will find interesting
details of real-world problems, advice on solving issues related to
fitness computation or modeling, and suggestions on how to set the
appropriate parameters to reach optimal solutions. Beginners will
find a thorough introduction to evolutionary computation, and a
complete presentation of several classes of evolutionary algorithms
exploited to solve different problems. Inside, scholars will find
useful examples on how to fill the gap between purely theoretical
examples and industrial problems. The collection of case studies
presented is also extremely appealing for anyone interested in
Evolutionary Computation, but without direct access to extensive
technical literature on the subject. After the introduction, each
chapter in the book presents a test case, and is organized so that
it can be read independently from the rest: all the information
needed to understand the problem and the approach is reported in
each part. Chapters are grouped by three themes of particular
interest for real-world applications, namely prototype-based
validation, reliability and test generation. The authors hope that
this volume will help to expose the flexibility and efficiency of
evolutionary techniques, encouraging more companies to adopt them;
and that, most of all, you will enjoy your reading.
Approximately 4.1 million people live in the three states of the
Yucatan Peninsula: Quintana Roo, Yucatan, and Campeche. Some 30
municipalities are in a coastal territory of almost 2,000 linear
kilometers, spanning the oil fields of the Gulf of Mexico to the
world-renowned beaches of Cancan, just north of the second-largest
barrier reef in the world. The peninsula's natural assets also
include notable Mayan temples. With poverty far from eliminated,
and economic development opportunities beckoning in agriculture,
manufacturing, and hydrocarbon development, the region faces
growing risks from environmental hazards. Oil spills, hurricanes,
coral bleaching, extreme flooding, and erosion have all been
experienced over the past decade. Based on preliminary
identification of environmental priorities, this report explores
selected topics that aim to inform decision-making in the region. A
general context of integrated coastal zone management is used to
explore issues, constraints, and potential solutions. The role of
geomorphology is examined with a view to identifying how shore
management plans can contribute to improved coastal management.
Economic studies find that the main environmental health risks in
the peninsula result in more than 1,000 premature deaths every year
and in more than 9.36 million days lost to illnesses. These risks
generate substantial economic losses, representing 2.2-3.3 percent
of gross regional income. Scenarios relating to the economic cost
of extreme weather events generate similar levels of damages:
1.4-1.5 percent of GDP in 2020 and 1.6-2.3 percent of GDP in 2050.
A social accounting matrix examines the social and environmental
interconnectedness to the various parts of the economy. An
institutional analysis considers the mandates of existing
institutions in the states, and of the potential role that
regulatory measures may contribute to environmentally sustainable
development without undermining economic growth prospects. The
report concludes with options for consideration in the years ahead.
This framework document provides a practical approach for designing
representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines
to support estimates of health outcomes that are explicitly linked
to exposure to land-based contaminants from ASGM activities.
The underlying goal of this book is to facilitate and stimulate
sharing of information on these phenomena, and to provide an
interdisciplinary framework for bringing about improved
environmental conditions in Sindh. It includes a methodology that
enables the identification of environmental and climate change
priority problems; the analysis of interventions to address such
problems; the establishment of a social learning mechanism to
continuously improve Sindh's responses and build resilience in the
face of climate variability and change; and opportunities for the
potential involvement of different stakeholder groups to decisively
tackle climate change and deteriorating environmental conditions.
Pakistan's development efforts are guided by its 2011 Framework for
Economic Growth, which identifies actions needed to create a
prosperous, industrialised Pakistan through rapid and sustainable
development. Industrialisation has the potential to drive
Pakistan's economic growth and contribute significantly to meeting
both economic and human development goals in Pakistan. Expansions
of industrialisation activities, whether in highly developed or
developing countries, can be stimuli for intense debate about such
projects' benefits and costs to the region in which they are to be
located, to the national economy - and to human health and the
environment. Pakistan's 2011 Framework for Economic Growth
recognises that, to accelerate industrialisation, Pakistan must
reduce the cost of doing business and create an incentive structure
designed to achieve a competitive, dynamic, and export-driven
industrial sector capable of providing employment to the growing
labour force. Competing in global markets requires a socially and
environmentally sustainable industrialisation strategy. The four
main inputs for sustainable industrial growth in Pakistan discussed
in this book are: (i) Macroeconomic stability and sectoral policies
to support industrial competitiveness by allowing long-term
planning, including investments in infrastructure and cleaner
production; (ii) Upgraded trade facilitation and infrastructure
(particularly transport and energy) to address some of
industrialisation's spatial aspects. Improved transport
infrastructure will lower production's environmental costs; (iii)
Greening of Pakistan's industrial sector to enhance international
competitiveness - 'greening' will make Pakistan a more attractive
export partner for nations and firms committed to green production;
(iv) Strong institutions - for example, environmental management
agencies to control pollution, and cleaner production centers to
increase domestic awareness of international environmental
standards- to implement industrialisation initiatives effectively,
including those for small and medium-sized enterprises.This book
provides a comprehensive analysis of issues relating to the debate
about Pakistan's green industrial growth and lays out priorities
and strategies for 'greening' Pakistan's industrial growth.
Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector Reforms: A
Strategic Environmental, Poverty, and Social Assessment identifies
reforms that can help Pakistan manage its environmental priorities
given transport s impacts on air quality, noise pollution, road
safety, hazardous-materials transport, climate change, and urban
sprawl. The policy options are contextualized in light of the
government of Pakistan s 2011 Framework for Economic Growth and its
strategic objectives. This analytical work examines the poverty,
social, and environmental aspects associated with reforms that
would increase the freight transport sector s productivity to meet
the Framework s goals. It focuses on the following areas: Analyzing
the policy and institutional adjustments required to address the
environmental, social, and poverty aspects of increased
transportation efficiency in Pakistan Identifying policy options
for the government of Pakistan to better serve the population, to
enhance social cohesion, and to foster equitable benefit sharing
with low-income or other vulnerable groups Developing a broad
participatory process to give a voice to stakeholders who could be
affected by enhancements of freight transport productivity Making
robust recommendations to strengthen governance and the
institutional capacity of agencies to manage the environmental,
social, and poverty consequences of freight transportation
infrastructure The book also presents information on the economic
and institutional analyses undergirding this report and details its
methodology. Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector
Reforms is intended for policy makers, civil society, the private
sector, and academics who wish to participate in dialogues on
Pakistan s trade and transport sectors priorities. It is hoped that
this report will stimulate debate that steers these sectors and
their participants in the direction of greening economic growth."
The extent of urban air pollution in Pakistan - South Asia's most
urbanised country - is among the world's most severe, significantly
damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and
environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air
pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several
high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan.
Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable
economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health
benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US
$1-1.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US $1.5-2.4 for large
buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan allocate
resources to AQM, because its air quality is severely affecting
millions of Pakistanis, and because experiences around the world
indicate that interventions can significantly improve air quality.
This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan's AQM
challenges, and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve
air quality. The research presented here underpins the conclusions
that addressing Pakistan's urban air pollution requires coordinated
interventions to strengthen AQM, build agencies' institutional
capacity, bolster AQM's legal and regulatory framework, implement
policy reforms and investments, and fill knowledge gaps. However,
Pakistan's policy makers face major obstacles, including limited
financial, human, and technical resources, and can pursue only a
few AQM interventions at the same time. In the short term,
Pakistan's AQM should give highest priority to reducing pollutants
linked to high morbidity and mortality: PM2.5 (and precursors like
SOx and NOx) from mobile sources. A second-level short-term
priority could be PM2.5, SOx, and emissions of toxic metals from
stationary sources. An important medium-term priority should be
mass transportation in major cities, controlling traffic, and
restricting private cars during high-pollution episodes. A
long-term priority could be taxing hydrocarbons, based on their
contribution to greenhouse gases.
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields
in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as
an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
++++ Praktisches Worterbuch Der Elektrotechnik Und Chemie In
Deutscher: Englischer Und Spanischer Sprache Mit Besonderer
Berucksichtigung Der Modernen Maschinentechnik, Volume 2;
Praktisches Worterbuch Der Elektrotechnik Und Chemie In Deutscher:
Englischer Und Spanischer Sprache Mit Besonderer Berucksichtigung
Der Modernen Maschinentechnik; Paul T. Heyne Paul T. Heyne, Ernesto
Sanchez-Rosal G. Kuhtmann, 1899 Chemistry; Electrical engineering;
English language; German language; Industrial arts; Iron founding;
Spanish language
Environmentally and socially sustainable policies are essential for
good governance. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is the
key tool for integrating environmental considerations into
policies, programs and plans. This book focuses on SEA applied to
policies. Through lessons learned from previous use of SEA on
policies, it draws lessons on the strengths and weaknesses of
current SEA methodology. It then goes on to analyze how policies
are formulated and implemented and proposes a new conceptual
framework for conducting SEA of policies thatpotentially could be
more useful in influencing decision makers to integrate
environmental sustainability considerations into policy formulation
and implementation.
De una manera sencilla, esta monografia intenta brindar
conocimiento historico y actual de lo que ha venido en llamarse
Guerra Biologica, en particular, la Guerra Microbiologica. La obra
no pretende ser completa ni original, sola es el resultado de la
experiencia y esfuerzos de mas de tres decadas de trabajo dedicados
a la ensenanza de la Medicina Veterinaria. La sensibilizacion de la
poblacion a nivel mundial de este potencial peligro, garantiza un
adecuado enfrentamiento a una agresion de esta indole. La humanidad
que se encuentra al borde del cataclismo no soportaria un eventual
combate donde el enemigo que ataque sea invisible. Pues en el
enfrentamiento a este potente enemigo, las poderosas armas atomicas
no serian capaces de detener su azote. El uso de germenes de forma
indiscriminada es capaz de diezmar poblaciones enteras. Siendo
desde una perspectiva eminentemente etica, la manipulacion de la
vida una trasgresion a su esencia, es convertirla en objeto del
mercado y del capital transnacional, es desacralizarla y dejarla en
indefension. Es el resultado de la perdida en los seres humanos de
un valor moral imprescindible el humanismo."
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