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Most of the matter in our solar system, and, probably, within the
whole universe, exists in the form of ionized particles. On the
other hand, in our natural environ ment, gaseous matter generally
consists of neutral atoms and molecules. Only under certain
conditions, such as within the path oflightning or in several
technical devices (e. g. gas discharges, rocket engines, etc. )
will some of the atoms and molecules be ionized. It is also
believed that the chemistry of the earth's troposphere predomi
nantly proceeds via reactions between neutral particles. (The
complex system of atmospheric chemistry will be treated in one of
the forthcoming volumes to this series. ) Why, then, are ions
considered so important that hundreds oflaboratories all over the
world (including some of the most prestigious) are involved in
research pro grams on ions, covering many different facets, from
biochemistry to physics? One may obtain as many different answers
as there are research groups busy in this field. There is, however,
one simple, common feature which makes it attractive to work with
ions: since they carry one or more net elementary charges, they can
easily be gui ded, focused or separated by appropriate electric and
magnetic fields, and, last but not least, they can easily be
detected. Apart from these advantages, which are welcome and
appreciated by the researcher, the study of molecular ions can
provide insight into very fundamental aspects of the general
behavior of molecules."
The Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Linking the Gaseous and
Condensed Phases of Matter: The Behavior of Slow Electrons" was
held at Patras, Greece, September 5-18, 1993. The organizers of the
Patras ASI felt that the study of the electronic properties of
matter in various states of aggregation has advanced to a point
where further progress required the interfacing of the phases of
matter in order to find out and to understand how the microscopic
and macroscopic properties of materials and processes change as we
go from low pressure gas to the condensed phase. This approach is
of foremost significance both from the point of view of basic
research and of applications. Linking the electronic properties of
the gaseous and condensed phases of matter is a fascinating new
frontier of science embracing scientists not only from physics and
chemistry but also from the life sciences and engineering. The
Patras ASI brought together some of the world's foremost experts
who work in the field of electronic properties of molecular gases,
clusters, liquids, and solids. The thirty five lectures given at
the meeting as well as the twenty nine poster papers presented and
the formal and informal discussions that took place focused largely
on the behavior of slow electrons in matter.
Interactions of Slow Electrons as a Function of State: Linking the
Gaseous and the Condensed Phases of Matter; L.G. Christophorou.
Ionization in Dilute and in Condensed Matter: Ionization of Atoms
or Molecules by Radiation as a Function of Phase; W.F. Schmidt.
Elementary Processes Induced in Clusters by Electrons and Photons:
Clusters; E. Illenberger. Electron Motion in Gases and Liquids:
Boltzmann Equation for Slow Electron Transport in Gases and
Liquids; Y. Sakai. Electron Attachment in the Gaseous and the
Condensed Phases of Matter: Electron Attachment to Molecules; E.
Illenberger. Electron-Ion Recombination in Gases and Liquids:
ElectronIon Recombination in Dense Molecular Media; Y. Hatano.
Electron Transfer at Interfaces: Low Energy Electrons for the
Investigation of Liquid Surfaces; H. Morgner. Applications: Physics
of Noble Gas Xray Detectors; T.H.V.T. Dias. Summary of Discussion
Panel: Theory; R. Schiller. 31 additional articles. Index.
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