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This textbook aims to describe in a condensed form the essentials
of molecular immunology behind bacterial infections, the
microbiome, viral infections (such as influenza and COVID-19),
organ transplantations, autoimmunity, allergy and tumor immunology.
The book emphasizes the impact of immunology in maintaining our
health and preventing disease. Our immune system protects us not
only from severe consequences of infectious diseases and getting
cancer, but is also able to harm us severely via sepsis, cytokine
storms and anaphylactic shocks. Molecular understanding of
immunology should allow the reader a more rational handling of
common diseases, most of which are associated with chronic
inflammation.
Cancer is a collection of diseases that can affect basically every
organ of our body, all of which have in common uncontrolled
cellular growth. The cells forming our body have the potential to
grow in the context of wound healing or for the constant
replacement of cells in our blood, skin or intestine. Behind every
newly diagnosed malignant tumor in adulthood there is an individual
history of probably 20 or more years of tumorigenesis. Therefore,
malignant tumor formation often takes time making cancer in most
cases to an aging-related disease that we seem not to be able to
evade. However, tumorigenesis is dependent on multiple
environmental influences, many of which we have under control by
lifestyle decisions, such as retaining from smoking, selecting
healthy food and being physically active. Thus, cancer preventive
interventions are the most effective way to fight against cancer.
This textbook wants not only to describe basic mechanisms leading
to cancer but also to provide the readers with a more holistic view
including cancer surveaillance mechanisms of the immune system. We
will place these insights in the context of the personal
consequences of everyone's lifestyle decisions. The content of the
book is linked to the lecture course in "Cancer Biology", which is
given by Prof. Carlberg since 2005 at the University of Eastern
Finland in Kuopio. Moreover, biological processes explained in this
book will be set into a clinical context using the experience of
Dr. Velleuer in the daily care in oncology. This book also relates
to the textbooks "Mechanisms of Gene Regulation: How Science Works"
(ISBN 978-3-030-52321-3), "Human Epigenetics: How Science Works"
(ISBN 978-3-030-22907-8) and "Nutrigenomics: How Science Works"
(ISBN 978-3-030-36948-4), the studying of which may be interesting
to readers who like to get more detailed information.
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